The Altai territory is an agricultural region; it is a biogeochemical province deficient in iodine. We conducted a study of metabolic disorders in cows that had hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Our research is devoted to the expediency of a single use of the drug “Kayod” administered in the form of a subcutaneous implant in order to normalize the therapeutic status of animals suffering from a chronic lack of iodine in their diet. The purpose of this work is to justify not only the use of the preparation “Kayod” in animals kept in the biogeochemical provinces deficient in iodine, but also the use of tablets administered through a subcutaneous implant. We found a significant increase in the amount of hemoglobin and a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood of animals after the use of “Kayod”, and in the second experimental group, these indicators were slightly higher than in the first one. Indicators of the level of total protein and reserve alkalinity of blood were within the limits of physiological norms, but in the experimental groups they were slightly higher than in the control group. The level of total calcium and carotene in the blood of animals in the experimental groups, especially the second, significantly exceeded the level of the same substances in the blood of the animals in the control group. However, the level of inorganic phosphorus tended to decrease. The level of glucose in the blood of cows in the experimental group increased significantly more than in the blood of cows in the control group. This increase was particularly significant in the blood of animals in the second experimental group. When the preparation “Kayod” was used in the form of a subcutaneous implant, there were no clinical signs of hypothyroidism in the cows of the first experimental group after nine weeks. In the cows of the second experimental group, the condition of the cows returned to normal after six weeks. Keywords: Cows, iodine, hypothyroidism, implant, “Kayod
One of the most important aspects of maintaining the health of animals is to meet their needs for nutrients, vitamins and minerals. To solve this problem, it is necessary to optimize the diets of animals. However, when talking about the territory of the Altai Territory, it should be borne in mind that the soil and, accordingly, the plants growing on it, can not meet the need of cattle in such a trace element as iodine. It is obvious that it is necessary to introduce a qualitatively new way to solve this problem in cows. The most productive, in our opinion, is the method of subcutaneous administration of Kayod tablets. Testing of this method was carried out on pregnant cows of the uchkhoz «Prigorodny». Three groups of pregnant cows with 15 animals each were formed for the research. A preliminary analysis of the diet was made, according to which the iodine deficiency was 15 % per animal. During the experiment, cows of different groups were implanted under the skin with Kaiod tablets in different dosages, after which the hormonal parameters of the cows « blood were examined to determine the content of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in it. The study of the dynamics of these indicators most clearly characterizes the presence or absence of hidden pathological processes in the animal’s body that affect the metabolism, and, accordingly, are directly related to iodine deficiency or its absence. Based on the above, it is necessary to conclude that the use of Kaiod tablets in cows during pregnancy in the form of subcutaneous implants according to the method developed and implemented by the authors is a very productive way to normalize the function of the thyroid gland in cattle. The correction of the metabolism begins immediately after the implantation of the tablets and continues to work for 2–3 months in the future.
Currently, the increase in milk productivity is achieved by using traditional feeds and balancing additives in the diets of cows. The research was carried out in the Altai Krai in the APC "Kirov's Collective Stud Farm" on steppe red breed cows. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of mineral and vitamin additives on milk productivity; for this purpose, 3 groups of animals were formed. The first group served as the control and received a standard farm ration (SFR), 2nd experimental – SFR and an additive containing vitamins and minerals (VMA) in the amount of 100 g/head per day, 3rd experimental – SFR and an additive containing proteins, vitamins and minerals (PVMA) in the amount of 500 g/head per day. In the course of the research, it was found that providing the SFR with additional PVMA allowed to increase the level of milk yield by 9.3% and by 12.6% in the 3rd experimental group relative to the 2nd and 1st experimental groups. The inclusion of feed additives to the diet had a significant impact on the chemical composition of milk. In the cows of the 3rd experimental group, the maximum butter-fat yielding capacity (4.65%) was noted; it exceeded the values of the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups by an average of 0.10-0.12%. The level of protein and casein in milk was higher in the experimental groups. The highest protein content was observed in the 3-experimental group - 3.28%. The analysis of casein amount indicates that the animals of the 3rd experimental group receiving PVMA reached an indicator value of 2.71%, which was 0.11-0.13% higher than in the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of PVMA in cows' feeding diets provided an increase in milk productivity and improved milk properties.
Use of biologically active additives in feeding young animals is the most important element of resource-saving technologies. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of use of vitamin and mineral nutrition on the growth and development of young animals. 3 groups of calves were formed at the age of 10 days. Animals of the control group received the basic diet (OR), the II-experimental group received OR + salts of microelements and the calves of the III-experimental group received OR + salts of microelements and tetratwit in doses from 1 to 3 months – 1.5 mg, from 3 to 5 months – 2.0 mg and from 5 to 6 months – 3.0 mg. Tetravit was injected once every 2 weeks throughout the study. It was found that feeding the salts of microelements (copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iodine) to calves during the dairy period contributes to their more intensive development and growth of their meat productivity, both in combination with tetravite and without it. Use of salts of microelements separately, and in combination with a multivitamin preparation (tetravit) contributes to a significant increase in the studied hematological parameters in young animals, relative to control analogues.
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