The accuracy of the consumption items of AUDIT (AUDIT-C) was analyzed, using the full AUDIT score as gold standard, in 120 traffic casualties (78% men and 22% women), median age 27 years (IQR = [22-34]), entering an urban emergency room between 2001 and 2003, with (67%) and without (33%) a positive blood alcohol level (> or =0.2 g/L). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, overall accuracy, and receiver operating characteristics of AUDIT-C were measured. Diagnostic accuracy was 0.79, using cutoff indices of > or =5 for males and > or =4 for females. AUDIT-C may be useful in emergency departments for a stepwise screening. Further validation of this test with larger samples and different settings is warranted.
Objective To assess differences between the risk of injury for motorcycle riders before and after the passing of a law allowing licenced car drivers to drive light motorcycles without having to take a special motorcycle driving test. Methods We carried out a quasi-experimental study involving comparison groups, and a time-series analysis from 1 January 2002 to 30 April 2008. The study group was composed of people injured while driving or riding a light motorcycle (engine capacity 51-125 cubic centimetres), while the comparison groups consisted of riders of heavy motorcycles (engine capacity > 125 cc), mopeds (engine capacity £ 50 cc) or cars who were injured in a collision within the city limits. The "intervention" was a law passed in October 2004 allowing car drivers to drive light motorcycles without taking a special driving test. To detect and quantify changes over time we used Poisson regression, with adjustments for trend and seasonality in road injuries and the existence of a driver's licence penalty point system. Findings The risk of injury among light motorcycle riders was greater after the law than before (relative risk, RR = 1.46; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.34-1.60). Although less markedly, after the law the risk of injury also increased among heavy motorcycle drivers (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02-1.29) but remained unchanged among riders of mopeds (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83-1.01) and cars (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.97-1.16). Conclusion Allowing car drivers to drive motorcycles without passing a special test increases the number of road injuries from motorcycle accidents.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. املقالة. لهذه الكامل النص نهاية يف الخالصة لهذه العربية الرتجمة
We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of nevirapine-containing regimens in 118 naive patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy with CD4 cell counts S 200 cells/jl. After 24 months, 51% of patients continued nevirapine, 43 and 83% had viral loads < 50 copies/ml by intent-to-treat and on-treatment analyses, and a mean increase of +246 CD4 cells/microl occurred. More than 80% of patients who continued with nevirapine had viral loads < 50 copies/ml and CD4 cell counts > 200 cells/pl.
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