The paper analyzes provision of medical interpreting services at border crossing points in the Russian Federation. It is argued in the article that medical interpreting at border crossing points should be viewed as linguacultural mediation in the context close to emergency situations, which requires specific interpreter's competences. The article aims at indenting relevant competences of medical interpreters at border crossing points through conducting an experiment on quality of medical services provision to migrants and refugees in terms of effective interpreter assisted doctor–patient communication. The research methodology rests on cluster, factor and discriminant analysis and integrated two stages: desk and field stages. To conduct the survey part an open-ended questionnaire has been developed which included 7 items. The survey was anonymous and involved native speakers of Arabic, Pashto, Dari, Uzbek, Tajik languages. The conducted research made it possible to identify factors that negatively influenced ultimate assessment of medical services provision at border crossing points. These factors are two-fold: the fists category relates to organizational issues such as lack of specific medicines and doctors with narrow specialization, stressful atmosphere and lengthy border crossing procedure; second category includes linguistic factor such as interpreter's knowledge of communicants' cultural background, ability to act as mediator, goal oriented communicative skills. The research results reveal that medical interpreting at border crossing points should be regarded as intercultural mediation as takes place in unstandardized setting and involves a range of culturally and socially significant issues. As the research outcomes the preliminary list of medical interpreter's competences has been drawn.
This work’s aim was to investigate what verbal means are used by English-speaking Twitter accounts to describe the pandemic while focusing on extralinguistic factors that are the primary catalysts for linguistic transformations in society. A critical discourse analysis of the lexeme ‘Covid-19’ and words accompanying it was applied. A total of 1736 English-language tweets (6844 lexical units) posted during March to April 2020 were selected for the analysis. Functional discourse analysis allowed systematising and commenting on sampling results as well as provided the opportunity to make the following conclusions. In tweets, the lexeme ‘Covid-19’ is combined not only with the actual name of the virus. This lexeme became a productive ground for derivation into various linguistic structures: substantive word combinations, abbreviations, neologisms and anthropomorphic metaphors. The research results application in international practice will allow linguists to interpret neologisms that emerged as a result of the pandemic and foster the understanding of axiological indicators of native speakers.
The relevance of the research on intertextual relations in legal discourse is due to the growing interest in the legal language functions, criticism of its complexity and an important role legal language acquires in professional communication and social relations. The article looks into intertextual relations of a particular legal genre, the court of appeal judgment, with the view of analyzing intertextual devices, their linguistic forms, and various functions they perform in the text and discourse. The notion of intertextuality and its use in specialized discourse have been considered from discourse analysis perspective, its theory and methods, focusing on linguistic and social aspects, taking into account both explicit and implicit manifestation of intertextuality. The studies revealed that intertextual relations are very complicated and intensive and are basic to the drafting of the court judgment. They impact the structure of the text of the court of appeal judgment. Some intertextual devices typical of this genre are not found in other genres, some devices acquire specific forms and functions. The research outcomes bear academic and practical relevance for educators, law specialists and translators, providing insight into the linguistic and semantic structuring of legal texts and tools for the text of court judgment analysis and translation.
The article explores the language representation of specialized legal knowledge in English and problems of its interpretation by means of the Russian language. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the modern tasks of society with respect to conceptualization and interpretation of knowledge in various areas within a multilingual context. At the present stage of information processing, various pragmastylistic means are actively used for verbalization and structuring of legal knowledge. In this regard, the article aims at studying the process and tools for interpreting legal concepts that are formed with the use of metaphorical components. The study integrates theoretical approaches (linguistic-cognitive, pragmatic, sociocultural), methods of empirical analysis of linguistic-cognitive structures of knowledge production, and processing. The paper highlights the trends in the use of metaphors as an integral tool for representing legal English concepts. The article identifies the main types of metaphorical components that are used in the process of creating legal concepts, defines the tools and stages of their interpretation. Further, preliminary study is conducted with regard to challenges that translators and lawyers might face when providing interpretation of legal English concepts by means of the Russian Language. The materials of the article are of practical value for the training of lawyers who implement professional activities in bilingual environment and for translators who engage in legal translation.
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