Objective To report mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome in women infected with COVID-19. Design Retrospective study. Setting Twelve hospitals in northern Italy. Participants Pregnant women with COVID-19-confirmed infection who delivered. Exposure COVID 19 infection in pregnancy. Conclusions Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn.

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Prenatal sonographic features are related to postnatal outcome. Persistently isolated intra-abdominal calcifications have an excellent outcome. Delivery in a tertiary care center is recommended when calcifications are associated with other sonographic findings.

Objective: To report mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome in COVID-19 infected women. Design: This is a retrospective study.. Setting: Twelve hospitals in northern Italy. Participants: Pregnant women with COVID-19 confirmed infection who delivered. Exposure: COVID 19 infection in pregnancy. Methods:SARS-CoV-2 infected women who were admitted and delivered during the period 1-20 march 2020 were eligible. Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardized questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric comorbidity, evolution of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding Main Outcome and Measure: Data on mode of delivery and neonatal outcome Results: 42 women with COVID-19 delivered at the participating centres: 24(57,1%, 95% CI= 41,0-72,3) delivered vaginally. An elective cesarean section was performed in 18/42 (42,9%, 95%CI 27,7-59,0) cases: in 8 cases the indication was unrelated to COVID-19 infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 19/42(45,2%, 95%CI 29,8-61,3) cases: of these 7/19(36,8%,95CI 16,3-61,6) required oxygen support and 4/19(21,1%,95%CI=6,1-45,6) were admitted to a critical care unit. Two women with COVID-19 breastfed without a mask because infection was diagnosed in the post-partum period: their new-borns tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 infection. In one case a new-born had a positive test after a vaginal operative delivery.Conclusions:. Although post-partum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the new-born.

In a cohort of women at genetic risk because of advanced age, the key determinant of the choice regarding genetic amniocentesis is the a priori opinion of the woman towards the procedure, which was expressed by 93% of women. Ultrasonography plays a secondary role in changing or confirming women's attitude towards invasive diagnostic testing. Normal sonographic findings affect women's decisions more powerfully than abnormal sonographic findings, suggesting that ultrasonography has an important reassuring function for the woman.

In our setting, the rate of labor in nulliparous women at term was highly variable, and it did not appear to be affected by cervical dilation on admission.

Objective Recent studies have shown that among women with uterine scars from previous caesarean section of any type, induction of labour is associated with increased risk of uterine rupture compared with spontaneous labour. We have assessed the risk of uterine rupture in a cohort of women with a previous low transverse caesarean section in whom induction and management of labour were performed according to a strict protocol. Design Cohort study.Setting University Hospital.Population All women with a singleton pregnancy and a previous low transverse caesarean section requiring induction of labour from 1/1/1992 to 12/30/2001 (n ¼ 310) were compared with a control cohort during the same study period constituted of women with a previous low transverse caesarean section in spontaneous labour (n ¼ 1011). Methods Clinical characteristics and rate of uterine rupture of women with previous caesarean section undergoing induction of labour were compared with those of women with previous caesarean section in spontaneous labour. Main outcome measure Incidence of uterine rupture.Results Uterine rupture occurred in 0.3% in the previous caesarean section -induction group versus 0.3% in the previous caesarean section-spontaneous labour group (P ¼ 0.9). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant difference in the rate of uterine rupture between the induction and spontaneous labour group (P ¼ 0.67) after controlling for maternal age, parity, duration of labour, gestational age at delivery and birthweight. Conclusion Among women with a previous low transverse caesarean section, induction of labour is not associated with significantly higher rates of uterine rupture compared with spontaneous labour, provided a consistent protocol with strict criteria for intervention is adopted.

BMI and maternal age are independent factors associated to the increasing rate of CD in nulliparae with spontaneous or induced labor at term. In women with previous CD, BMI and more than one previous CD are factors associated with the increasing rate of CD.