In addition to its high proportion of oleic acid (which is considered as "neutral" in terms of cardioprotection), extra virgin olive oil is rich in phenolic compounds, which other vegetable oils do not contain. This review critically appraises the current scientific evidence of a healthful role of olive phenols, with particular emphasis on hydroxytyrosol and related molecules.

The healthful properties of olives and their main derivatives are being actively investigated. In this review, we briefly appraise and descriptively review the most recent evidence on the purported correlations between olive oil consumption and health, and we provide some bibliometric analyses that show how fast the field of “olive components and health” is indeed moving. Based on accumulated findings, we expect olive oil (and related products) research to further grow in the next few years, when more olive‐derived nutraceuticals and functional foods will enter the market and when targeted basic mechanism research will further clarify the manifold mechanisms of action of olive (poly)phenols. Practical applications: Our findings underscore the need to produce and consume high quality olive oil, whose “minor components” are endowed with heathful properties. The use of high‐quality extra‐virgin olive oil activates a virtuous cycle by which consumers become more aware of their health and of the influence of proper diet on it. This translates into a better overall diet and, in turn, better prognosis.

1 Cholesterol esteri®cation and accumulation in the arterial wall is a hallmark of atherogenesis. Several preclinical studies suggest that calcium antagonists may exert antiatherosclerotic activity by directly a ecting atherogenesis in the arterial wall. We investigated the e ect of the second generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist lacidipine on cholesterol metabolism in vivo in the aortic arch of cholesterol fed rabbits, and in vitro in mouse cultured peritoneal macrophages. 2 Treatment of cholesterol-fed rabbits with 1, 3 and 10 mg kg 71 day 71 of lacidipine for two months reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, cholesterol esteri®cation in the aortic arch: 24+6, 30+12, and 41+8% inhibition, respectively (P50.001 vs HC control). Concomitantly, drug treatment reduced total cholesterol content of the vessel wall. Lacidipine 3 and 10 mg kg 71 day 71 reduced cholesterolaemia (*20%); no e ect was observed at the lowest dose used (1 mg kg 71 day 71 ). These results suggest that the action of lacidipine on cholesterol esteri®cation in the arterial wall involves, at least in part, a direct e ect on cellular cholesterol metabolism. Inhibition of cholesterol esteri®cation in the arterial wall was observed also in a reference group of animals treated with the speci®c ACAT inhibitor CI-976. 3 To evaluate the action of lacidipine on intracellular cholesterol metabolism we performed in vitro experiments with murine macrophages, the main cell type that accumulates cholesterol in the arterial wall. Lacidipine almost completely inhibited cholesterol esteri®cation in cholesterol loaded macrophages in culture. The e ect was observed independently of esteri®cation stimuli and in cell free homogenates. The drug modi®ed intracellular cholesterol distribution, doubling the free-to esteri®ed sterol ratio, but did not in¯uence the cellular rate of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in the cell. All together these results indicate an inhibitory e ect of lacidipine on cholesterol esteri®cation catalyzed by the enzyme ACAT in murine macrophages. 4 We concluded that lacidipine in¯uences cellular cholesterol metabolism. This e ect may contribute to the potential antiatherosclerotic activity of this drug.

This report is the outcome of an EFSA procurement (NP/EFSA/PREV/2020/01) which aims at contributing to the development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) to be integrated in a network addressing uterine adenocarcinoma in mammals. The outcome is intended to support the identification of substances with endocrine disruptor mode of action. For this specific purpose, an evidence-based approach methodology was adopted. Available evidence was systematically mapped from the literature to identify Molecular Initiating Events (MIEs) and Key Events (KEs) linked to adverse outcome (AO) "uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma" independently from prototypical stressors, by means of: 1. a priori defined search strategies initially addressing the AO and biologically plausible MIEs, 2. application of machine learning technique (Topic modelling) that automatically analyzes text data to identify biologically plausible KERs, 3. systematic literature review and critical appraisal of prioritized evidence, taking into account human, in vivo and in vitro studies. Estradiol and tamoxifen, two recognized human risk factors for endometrioid adenocarcinoma, were used as tool chemical compounds to empirically support the response and temporal concordance of the identified key event relationships (KERs). All evidence has been then integrated by means of the AOP conceptual network. An evidence-based AOP starting from activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma via epigenetic modulation was postulated.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide insights into the relationship between ILL/ document supply and journal subscriptions and to assess recent trends in the ILL service. Design/methodology/Approach: This survey is based on data from the ILL service conducted over the five year period 2005-2009 through the Italian NILDE (Network for Inter-Library Document Exchange) network. Findings: This article bears out important previous findings that ILL is not used as a surrogate for journal subscriptions. This is supported by the analysis of a broad number of titles and over a wide time-range. On the contrary, analysis of data transactions, particularly of the most requested journals, can bring about positive effects on new title acquisitions and negotiations with publishers. This paper also shows, at least for Italy, an overall growth and vitality of ILL, in spite of the widespread availability of e-journals acquired through consortia purchasing. Originality/Value: An insight into the relationship between ILL and journal subscriptions in Italy, a country where few studies have been carried out, and none at all for such a large number of libraries and transactions.

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