The present paper deals with the study of derivational features of noun derivatives with the suffixонок/-ёнок (-onok). The choice of the formant is determined by the fact that the indicated suffix does not produce a large number of word-formation types and, therefore, rarely becomes an object of special studies. However, its colloquial productivity suggests that this formant deserves a closer look. In the literary language, the suffix-онок/-ёнок (-onok) forms the nouns that name cubs, children as representatives of a nationality, social stratum or profession called the motivating word, and a group of derivatives with the suffix -онок/-ёнок(-onok) that has a diminutive-hypocoristic or only affectionate meaning. The material for the study was the data from Unabridged Dictionary of Russian Jargons by V.M. Mokienko, T.G. Nikitina. As a result of application of the method of continuous sampling, we have revealed 42 derivatives with the suffix -онок/-ёнок (-onok) which were subjected to word-formation and morphemic analysis. It is established that the suffix -онок/-ёнок (-onok) is not very often used in jargon word formation. Two ways of the formation of jargonisms by means of this formant have been revealed: the suffixation proper and semantic derivation. The inclusion of foreign words in the process of formation of derivatives with the formants -онок/-ёнок (-onok) is observed. It has been established that the suffixонок/-ёнок (-onok) in jargon word formation performs the following functions: nominative, evaluativeexpressive, and style-forming. The results can be used, firstly, in lexicography (inclusion of the units with the suffix -онок (-onok) into explanatory dictionaries of word-formation), and secondly, in linguodidactics (as the subject matter for courses in word formation, Russian as a foreign language).
Este artigo discute as características do funcionamento derivado do sufixo -sh(a) no jargão russo.. O material para a pesquisa foi o "Grande Dicionário do Jargão Russo" contendo cerca de 25.000 palavras. Foram identificadas 20 unidades com sufixo -sh(a) pelo método de amostragem contínua, suas propriedades derivacionais e semânticas. Verificou-se que dos 20 derivados com o sufixo -sh(a), sete são registrados no Corpus Nacional da língua russa, representando por 97 contextos. Duas palavras em sete (artista convidado e comandante) são usadas apenas em seu significado direto. Não foram identificados contextos em que essas palavras seriam usadas no significado registrado com o Grande Dicionário do Jargão Russo. A principal maneira de formar jargão com o sufixo -sh(a) é o sufixo real; em casos raros, observa-se a universalização do sufixo. Nota-se a inclusão de palavras estrangeiras em processos de formação de palavras, o que confirma a produtividade desse sufixo na fala coloquial. Verificou-se que o sufixo -sh(a) desempenha as seguintes funções no jargão: nominativo, avaliativo-expressivo e formador de estilo.
This article discusses the features of the derivative functioning of with the suffix -sh(a) in Russian jargon.. The material for the research was the "Big Dictionary of Russian Jargon" containing about 25,000 words. 20 units with the suffix -sh(a) were identified by the method of continuous sampling, their derivational and semantic properties were analyzed. It was found that out of 20 derivatives with the suffix -sh(a), seven are recorded in the National Corpus of the Russian language, representing by 97 contexts. Two words out of seven (guest performer and commandant) are used only in their direct meaning. No contexts have been identified in which these words would be used in the meaning recorded with the Great Dictionary of Russian Jargon. The main way of forming jargon with the suffix -sh(a) is the actual suffixation; in rare cases, suffix universalization is observed. The inclusion of foreign words in word-formation processes is noted, which confirms the productivity of this suffix in colloquial speech. It was found that the suffix -sh(a) performs the following functions in jargon: nominative, evaluative-expressive and style-forming.
In the paper we make an attempt to analyze linguistic and cultural descriptions of phraseological units of English, Russian and French reflecting the category of time. In the study of each language about 200 of phraseological units associated with the category of time were taken, which were divided into 5 groups representing different phraseo-semantic concepts. We have carried out a semantic analysis of the data of phraseological units identified by national-cultural peculiarities of expression of time category. The results can be used in the practice of teaching English, Russian and French as foreign languages, in courses on linguistics, and are also taken into account compiling dictionaries.
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