This article presents the experience of creating the historical geographic information system "Siberian Cities at the Turn of the 19-20 th Centuries" (Case Study of the City of Tobolsk) focused on presenting online results. The structure of the article corresponds to the main stages of GIS creation. At the first stage, the main attention was paid to the methods of preparation and input of cartographic material, due to the lack of a mathematical framework for historical maps. The affine transformation algorithm has been chosen as the main algorithm for working with the map of the city of Tobolsk, which allows to place the map sheet in a modern coordinate system (WGS84), with a limited number of fiducial points, correctly. The second stage was aimed at determining both the sources of demographic, social, economic, and spatial data, which will become the basis of the basic vector-raster layers. The source was a set of census forms of the First General Population Census of 1897 for 8 cities in the Tobolsk Province. The third stage is devoted to the Web-GIS creation. A pilot version of the project with the reconstruction of the urban space of Tobolsk at the turn of the 19-20 th centuries was created on the platform NextGISWeb. It is concluded that geoinformation technologies application is aimed not only at visualization and presentation of data from different sources, but also at creating a tool for spatial analysis of demographic, social and economic factors, studying the features of the various social groups resettlement and reconstruction of the social space of the city as a whole.
To identify for the whole complex of primary data of the 1897 Census it is necessary to study archives of foreign countries that were a part of the Russian Empire in late 19th century. The article summarizes the work in searching, characterizing, and estimating information value and representativity of primary data of the 1897 Census stored in the archives of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Its sources are information systems, finding aids, and documents of the foreign archives, as well as projects using data of the 1897 Census. The main research methods are historiographical and source analysis, as well as archival heuristics methods. Considerable
The article presents the analytical results of the project to reconstruct the social space of the city of Tobolsk according to the First All-Russian Population Census of 1897. The project is comprehensive, interdisciplinary in nature and is represented by a multi-stage structure. The source base of the project is represented by various types of sources and allows to recreate an objective and fairly complete model of the topography of urban space. The possibilities and effectiveness of the using of geographic information technologies in the studying of urban space are repeatedly confirmed by both foreign and domestic researchers. Many of these projects are available as interactive maps in the public domain on the Internet. The project for the reconstruction of urban space of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c. included the development of the GIS “The population of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c.” and the presentation of the results in the form of an interactive resource posted in the public domain with its further analysis. The city can be considered as a constantly developing phenomenon. The development of its environment is influenced by various external factors. In direct relationship with the city is its population. The objective of the project at the stage of analytical work is identification of the features and patterns of the influence of urban space on the distribution of the population, taking into account its estate, confessional, professional affiliation, i.e. the formation of the social topography of urban space. Tobolsk was chosen as a city, which preserved a significant number of written and visual sources (photographs). The results of the project showed the appropriateness of applying GIS technologies, which makes it possible to extend this experience to the study of the topography of other Siberian cities.
The purpose of the publication is to demonstrate the experience of introducing (within the discipline of “source studies”) teaching technologies for working with digital data (electronic copies of historical sources, electronic NSA, historical information systems) using the example of one massive statistical source – the First General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 as well as mastering database technologies.
Creating historical Internet resources, databases and informational systems, which are available to a wide user community in on-line mode, is one of the relevant directions of modern historical research. The use of spatial analysis to study the social topography of Siberian cities at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries based on the geographic information system created on the NextGISWeb platform is especially relevant due to the contemplation of creating an information system, containing a various body of data, which are presented as an open user resource with the use of a Web-GIS platform and availabled to a wide circle of researchers. The main source of this study are one of the most complete and representative collections of census forms of the Tobolsk Governorate cities, kept in the State Archives of Tobolsk city, the Tyumen Region (GATO). The types and structure of the census forms formed the basis of the created database, which has an analogous structure with the census forms. Working with maps and city plans, which act as sources for creating a base map and include not only digitizing the source map, but also attracting additional materials containing a description of the infrastructure and urban areas, which involves a broad analytical effort, which is not transfer of information from historical maps to the digital environment, but reconstruction of urban space. The integrated approach and the use of all possible sources allow to achieve the maximum possible effect of the reconstructed space of the urban environment.
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