No abstract

The third molars revealed the highest frequency of impaction (P<0.001); the number of impacted teeth of the mandible was larger than that of the maxilla (P<0.001), and the number of impacted anterior teeth in the maxilla was larger than that in the mandible (P<0.001). Cases of impacted posterior teeth were more numerous than anterior teeth (P<0.001). The majority of patients revealed pathological signs, which dictated the surgical removal of the impacted tooth/teeth.

The results of the present ex vivo comparative study cannot be directly applied to the clinical situation. Difference between both groups remains completely unclear; maybe the amount of extrusion is harmless in both groups or similarly deleterious for the periradicular tissues in both groups or may be dose-related to the amount of the extruded material.

Services were requested primarily by individuals who were experiencing acute pain of endodontic origin, had low or no income and were available during morning hours, probably because of the service's low cost and operational hours. Prospective studies, such as the present investigation, can provide epidemiological evidence and indicate areas in the infrastructure of emergency services which may be improved. Additionally, such studies can provide rationale for public insurance programs and can generate profiles of the patients who utilise these low-cost public services.

Under the limitations of this study, Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 1 W, alone or combined with NM, is a superior method for producing DOO, and may lead to an effective treatment modality for CDH.