ABSTRACT:The pasture irrigation has expanded, mostly in small areas in order to boost the production system, along with the use of soil improvement techniques and high-productivity grasses. Thus, this study, carried out on a small dairy farm property, aimed to evaluate the productivity, botanical composition and nutritive value of Tifton 85 with different nitrogen (N) doses, in the presence and absence of irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot design with four replications, plots Non-irrigated and Irrigated. The subplots consisted of nitrogen doses: 25 kg ha -1 cycle -1 of N, 50 kg ha -1 cycle -1 of N, 75 kg ha -1 cycle -1 of N and 100 kg ha -1 cycle -1 of N. The irrigation increased the productivity in an average of 3,626.5 kg ha -1 cycle -1 , with higher leaf stem ratio of 1.3, increasing the crude protein content of the pasture. The productivity responded quadratically to nitrogen fertilization with increases up to 84 kg N ha -1 cycle -1 with slight linear decrease of dead matter. There were linear increments of crude protein and digestibility "in vitro" of dry matter in function of applied nitrogen.
RESUMO: Este trabalho foi conduzido no período de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, em propriedade de produção leiteira, localizada no município de Mariluz, região Noroeste do Paraná, com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutricional do capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) por meio da composição bromatológica na presença e ausência de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram aplicados dois tratamentos: sem irrigação e com irrigação. As subparcelas foram constituídas pelas estações do ano: outono, inverno, primavera e verão. A irrigação incrementou os teores de proteína bruta e digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca da forragem, com 14,6 e 81% irrigado e 12,7 e 78,1% não irrigado, respectivamente. As diferentes estações do ano influenciaram na qualidade nutricional do capim Tifton 85, sendo que no verão foram obtidos os maiores teores de proteína, digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido com valores de 14,0%,
PRODUTIVIDADE, COMPOSIÇÃO BOTÂNICA E VALOR NUTRICIONAL DO TIFTON 85 NAS DIFERENTES ESTAÇÕES DO ANO SOB IRRIGAÇÃO ARTHUR CARNIATO SANCHES1; EDER PEREIRA GOMES2; MAX EMERSON RICKLI3 E ELCIO FRISKE4 ¹ Doutorando em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, ESALQ/USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: arthur_carniato@hotmail.com² Engenheiro Agrícola, Prof. Dr., Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, e-mail: edergomes@ufgd.edu.br³ Zootecnista, Técnico especializado de nível superior, UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, e-mail: ricklimax@hotmail.com4 Doutorando em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e-mail: el_ci_o@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO O trabalho foi conduzido no período de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, em propriedade de produção leiteira, localizada no município de Mariluz, região Noroeste do Paraná, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade, a composição botânica e o valor nutritivo do Tifton 85 na presença e ausência de irrigação durante o ano. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram sem irrigação e com irrigação. As subparcelas foram constituídas das estações do ano: outono, inverno, primavera e verão. A irrigação incrementou a produtividade com 37603,1 kg ha-1ano-1, com menor teor de matéria morta e mais ciclos de coleta, não ocorrendo produção de forragem na área não irrigada durante o inverno. Houve resposta à irrigação nos teores de proteína bruta e digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca da forragem, com 14,6 e 81% irrigado e 12,7 e 78,1% não irrigado, respectivamente. As diferentes estações do ano influenciaram na produtividade e na qualidade nutricional do Tifton 85, sendo que o verão, das estações, foi a mais produtiva com 13212,5 kg ha-1 e obteve os maiores teores de proteína, digestibilidade e fibras. As maiores relações folha/colmo ocorreram nas estações de Primavera e Outono. Palavras-chave: tensiometria, bromatologia, fibra em detergente neutro e Cynodon. SANCHES, A. C., GOMES, E. P., RICKLI, M. E., FRISKE, E.PRODUCTIVITY, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRIONAL VALUE OF TIFTON 85 IN DIFFERENT SEASONS UNDER IRRIGATION 2 ABSTRACT The study was conducted from November 2012 until May 2013 in Milk production property located on the city of Mariluz, Northwest of Paraná, in order to evaluate the yield, botanical composition and nutritional value of Tifton 85 in the presence and absence of irrigation during the year. The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with four replications. The plots were without irrigation and with irrigation. The subplots were composed of the seasons: fall, winter, spring and summer. Irrigation increased productivity with 37,603.1 kg ha-1 year-1 with lower content of dead matter and more cycles of collection, not occurring forage production in the non-irrigated area during the winter. There was response to irrigation in crude protein and digestibility "in vitro" dry matter forage, with 14.6 and 81% irrigated and 12.7 and 78.1% non-irrigated, respectively. The different seasons influenced the productivity and nutritional quality of Tifton 85, being that summer season, was the most productive with 13,212.5 kg ha-1 and obtained the highest protein content, digestibility and fiber. The highest ratios leaf / stem occurred in the spring and fall seasons. Keywords: tensiometers, bromatologia, neutral detergent fiber e Cynodon.
Grain yield and maturity class are among the commercial traits that most often direct maize breeding that aims to meet the requirements of the seed market. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity in maize inbred lines for grain maturity and yield components. The phenotypic attributes of 81 maize inbred lines were assessed in a field experiment in a square lattice design with three replications. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were performed considering complete randomized blocks due to the equivalence to the estimation for lattice efficiency. The results of analysis of variance indicated genetic diversity in the germplasm for all the traits, showing high variability for number of days to male flowering (DMF) and female flowering (DFF). Genetic diversity was also detected for grain water loss, which was determined by the area under the water loss curve (AUWLC), an index representing the dynamic progress of field water loss, based on area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The high magnitude of genetic correlation between the AUWLC and the moisture content of grain (0.98) collected at different moments in the R6 stage suggests the possibility of its substitution by the moisture content evaluation in only one collection. Weak genetic correlations (0.07 to 0.45) between yield and maturity components indicated the possibility of selection for earliness without compromising yield. In addition, the results of the Tocher method and the UPGMA were compatible, enabling classification of the germplasm and suggestion of hybrid combinations among inbreds that might have a higher heterotic effect on yield associated with earliness.
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