Synchronizing the timing of fertilizer applications with plant nutrient demand increases the nutritional efficiency and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake and export by heliconia 'Red Opal'. The experiment was carried out in a shade house and Heliconia psittacorum 'Red Opal' rhizomes were planted in soil classified as Arenic Kandinstults. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine plant sampling (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 and 450 days after planting) and five replicates. Leaves, sheathing leaf bases, flower stem, rhizomes and roots were collected every sampling and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Heliconia plants showed slow initial development but from the 210 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the flower stem harvest there is a marked increase in dry mass accumulation. Nutrient accumulation followed the decreasing order: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. Potassium and calcium were the most exported macronutrients by heliconia flower stem and among the micronutrients, manganese was the most exported. Keywords: Heliconia psittacorum 'Red Opal', nutrient cycling, tropical floriculture. RESUMOCrescimento, acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes pela helicônia 'Red Opal' A sincronização da aplicação dos fertilizantes com a época de demanda de nutrientes aumenta a eficiência nutricional da planta e diminui os custos de produção. Objetivou-se com o trabalho determinar o desenvolvimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes pela helicônia 'Red Opal'. O experimento foi conduzido em telado e rizomas de Heliconia psittacorum 'Red Opal' foram plantados em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove épocas de amostragem (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 e 450 dias após o plantio) e cinco repetições. Folhas, bainhas, hastes, rizomas e raízes foram coletadas a cada época de amostragem e a massa seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes foram determinados. As plantas de helicônia apresentaram desenvolvimento lento, mas a partir dos 210 dias do plantio, época que corresponde ao início da colheita das hastes, houve aumento acentuado no acúmulo de massa seca da planta. O acúmulo de nutrientes seguiu a ordem decrescente: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. O potássio e o cálcio foram os macronutrientes mais exportados pelas hastes de helicônia e dentre os micronutrientes, o manganês foi o mais exportado. Palavras-chave: Heliconia psittacorum 'Red Opal', ciclagem de nutrientes, floricultura tropical.
The peanut crop, owing to its microbiological and nutritional aspects, is of great economic importance for agriculture and the food industry. However, salt stress can negatively affect nutrient uptake and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of peanut plants subjected to irrigation with saline water and different forms of organomineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design (5 × 2 factorial scheme) with five forms of fertilization (F1 = 100% mineral; F2 = 100% bovine biofertilizer; F3 = 100% vegetal ash; F4 = 50% mineral + 50% bovine biofertilizer; and F5 = 50% mineral + 50% vegetal ash), two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw) (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), and five replicates. Salt stress inhibited plant growth and the number of leaves, but increased the average stem diameter with the use of 100% bovine biofertilizer and higher salinity water. When ECw of 5.0 dS m-1 was used along with the bovine biofertilizer (100%), the P concentration in plants increased. The K concentration was reduced in plants fertilized with bovine biofertilizer (100%) and vegetal ash (100%), while Mg concertation was reduced in plants fertilized with bovine biofertilizer (100%) or mineral fertilizer (50%) + bovine biofertilizer (50%) with irrigation water of 5.0 dS m-1.
The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS.
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