Results suggest that the PRT tear test is a practical method for measuring tear production in large Psittaciformes, although adaptations to the established diagnostic method are necessary to overcome some anatomical differences present in birds. Good reproducibility of the PRT tear test could not be demonstrated in a clinically normal population of birds but geographic location appears to significantly influence results.

A seven-year-old female spayed Domestic Short-haired cat was brought for examination following a four-month history of conjunctivitis in the right eye. The superior palpebral conjunctiva was diffusely swollen and firm, displacing the right globe ventrally and preventing full closure of the eyelids. The right popliteal lymph node was enlarged as were several other peripheral lymph nodes. An incisional biopsy of the conjunctival swelling revealed a lymphoid neoplasm, the cellular make up of which suggested features of feline Hodgkin's-like lymphoma. Although the neoplasm was poorly responsive to standard chemotherapeutic protocols for lymphoma, radiation therapy rapidly reduced its size. Three years following the initial diagnosis, there has been no recurrence of the conjunctival neoplasm. To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous reports of extranodal or adnexal (conjunctiva, eyelid, orbit) Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in the veterinary literature.

Ophthalmic emergencies are common presenting complaints in an emergency room. Most ophthalmic emergencies can be treated and stabilized until an ophthalmologist can be consulted. Most ocular emergencies involve loss of vision, compromised globe integrity, or severe ocular pain. Delay in treating true emergencies may result ina blind eye or loss of an eye. This article discusses the clinical signs,diagnosis, and treatment as well as the prognosis of some of the more common ophthalmic emergencies.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate a grading scheme for conjunctival staining patterns with lissamine green ocular dye in the diagnosis of tear film deficiencies in dogs.ProceduresClient‐owned and research colony dogs were enrolled in a prospective study between February and October 2018 in which slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), conjunctival lissamine green staining (LGS), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were performed in both eyes of all dogs. Lissamine green staining of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was graded from 0‐3, with a higher grade corresponding to an increased stain intensity.ResultsFifty‐four dogs (107 eyes), comprising 31 males and 23 females with a mean age of 5.0 ± 3.9 years (range 0.5‐14.3), were enrolled in the study. STT was <15 mm/min in 21 eyes and ≥15 mm/min in 86 eyes. Lissamine green staining grade for eyes with a STT of <15 mm/min (2.0 ± 0.9) was significantly higher than for eyes with a STT ≥15 mm/min (0.2 ± 0.7) (P < .001). TFBUT for eyes with a STT <15 mm/min (6.5 ± 4.4 seconds) was significantly shorter than for eyes with a STT ≥ 15 mm/min (16.1 ± 3.6 seconds) (P < .001). As LGS grade increased, both STT (P < .001) and TFBUT (P < .001) significantly decreased.ConclusionsA higher LGS grade was significantly associated with a lower STT and more rapid TFBUT in dogs. Lissamine green ocular dye can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic test when evaluating tear film deficiency in dogs.

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; the 80-degree collimator angle arc is fixed for all plans. The use of jaw tracking technique is chosen during the optimization process, which is commercially available. The two prescription dose levels of the planning target volumes were 70 Gy and 63 Gy in 35 fractions, using SIB. Results: The mean PTV 70 Gy and PTV 63 Gy doses were 65.83 Gy and 61.3 Gy for all plans respectively, extracted from the dose-volume histogram (DVH). Although the (60, 300 , and 80) plan shows slightly the lowest CI (0.96 and 0.94 for both PTV 70 Gy and PTV 63 Gy, respectively) and HI (0.06 and 0.14 for both PTV 70 Gy and PTV 63 Gy, respectively); the average values of conformity and homogeneity indexes were not significantly different for all plans. In addition, in terms of sparing of normal structures, the average DVHs showed that the maximum doses received by organs at risk were in the plan with highest collimator angles (60, 300 , and 80), and the minimum doses were in favor of the plan with the lowest collimator angles (15 , 345 , and 80). The averaged body integral doses were almost equivalent in all plans ranged between 130.38 Gy.L to 132.01 Gy.L. Conclusion: The dosimetric results for this study; indicated that the DVH parameters for the normal organs are dependent on the chosen collimator angles for all VMAT fields. As the collimator angle increases, the normal tissue doses slightly increase consequently. The PTVs HI and CI of all plans were almost the same, regardless of the collimator angles. The 80degree collimator angle arc gives additional sparing of OAR and more homogeneous PTV doses. Therefore, in order to improve the plan quality in NPC VMAT with SIB the planning physicist must select the optimal collimator angles that provide the best PTV coverage with that clinically acceptable OAR doses.