RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os resultados refracionais obtidos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com cálculo da lente intraocular realizado por meio de biometria ultrassônica de imersão (US) ou por interferometria de coerência parcial (ICP ABSTRACTPurpose: To compare the achieved refractive outcomes of patients undergoing cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation performed by conventional immersion ultrasound (US) or partial coherence interferometry (PCI). Methods: Prospective, comparative case series. Patients undergoing cataract surgery were randomly divided in two groups with regard to the IOL power calculation method. Group 1 had calculations performed by PCI (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss Meditec), while US was used in Group 2 (Ultrascan; Alcon), using the Holladay 1 formula. Differences between target and achieved refractions were then compared. Results: The study comprised 120 eyes from 79 patients. Biometry with PCI was used in 50 eyes of 33 patients, and US was used in 70 eyes of 46 patients. Mean age of patients in the PCI Group was 69.8 ± 13.1 years (range 11 -85) and 70.0 ± 9.3 (45 -86) in the US Group (P=0.7165). Mean axial length measured by PCI was 23.22 ± 1.00 mm (range 21.01 -25.45) and that by US was 23.22 ± 1.06 mm (20.05 -25.78) (P=0.9110). Mean absolute error in the PCI group was 0.15 ± 0.33 D (range -0.65 -0.9) and that in the US group was 0.26 ± 0.48 D (-1.05 -1.76). All eyes in the PCI group and 94.3% of those in the US group were within 1.00 D of the planned refraction. Conclusion: Although both PCI and US yielded good prediction in IOL power calculation, the PCI group tended to show better accuracy and improved refractive outcome.

This review summarizes the reported molecular mechanisms underlying the antileukemic property of Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs). This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database and conducted following the PRISMA Statements. The MeSH terms, Sesquiterpenes, Lactones and Leukemia were used in four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Bireme). There were 281 studies selected, but after exclusions, due to replication (n = 172) or not following PECOS criteria (n = 24), 148 studies remained. Of the 148 articles, only 22 were submitted to quality assessment and were scored in high level if more than two techniques, to elucidate antileukemic properties, were described, and then data were extracted. The studies mostly used human leukemia cell lines including primary and established cells, with or without chemotherapy resistance. The SLs used were obtained principally from plants. The antileukemic properties of SLs were extracted from 22 high level studies. They included cell death induction, mainly by apoptosis, as well as cell differentiation, cell cycle disruption, leukemia cancer stem cell growth inhibition and NF-κB pathway inhibition; the latter is a promising therapeutic target for lymphoid malignancies. We concluded that, in spite of the necessity of better toxicological profile characterization of SLs, the antileukemic properties of these compounds support the proposal that the SLs are promising candidates for the treatment of leukemia.

Background: Phytochemical studies of Annona muricata showed the presence of bioactive components with anticancer activity. We compared the anticancer properties of crude acetonic and methanolic A. muricata leaf extracts. Methods: The viabilities of different cell lines (A549, U87, U251, K562 and VERO) treated with A. muricata acetonic or methanolic leaf extracts were measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis induction, cell cycle and cytoskeleton rearrangements were evaluated in K562 by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. Results: Chemical analyses of the A. muricata extracts showed differences in their composition. The K562 cell line was the most sensitive to the treatment with the acetonic and methanolic extracts, and the IC50 values, respectively were 28.82 (24.41 - 34.69) and 32.49 (27.21 - 40.16) μg/mL. Both extracts induced apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. For the first time, cytoskeleton rearrangements were observed in the K562 cell line treated with methanolic extract. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both A. muricata extracts exhibit antileukemic potential and represent a promising source of novel compounds with anticancer activity.

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Background Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) is a rare and chronic bilateral uveitis mostly found in Caucasians. As few data are available about the clinical course of BRC in Hispanic patients, we aimed to report the clinical findings and the evolution of BRC in Brazilian patients. Methods This retrospective cohort multicenter nationwide study was performed by analyzing the records of patients with BRC diagnoses from Brazilian ophthalmological centers from April 1995 to May 2020. Results Forty patients (80 eyes) with a diagnosis of BRC were evaluated. The mean age was 53 years, and there was no sex predominance. All tested patients (34/40) were positive for HLA-A29. The diagnosis of BRC was made following the Levinson et al. criteria, and all ancillary tests were performed to exclude differential diagnoses. Clinical signs and symptoms, such as complications and treatment, were described. Conclusions BRC evolution in Brazilian patients seems to have some peculiarities that diverge from the published literature available about Caucasians, as AS inflammation is higher in this population.

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