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No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo fitoquímico com os diferentes extratos obtidos a partir de órgãos subterrâneos de Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae), o qual incluiu o teste de toxicidade para Artemia salina. O extrato alcaloídico, obtido das cascas do caule subterrâneo, conduziu ao isolamento de (-)-duguetina β-N-óxido, de (-)-duguetina, dicentrinona, (-)-Nmetiltetraidropalmatina e (+)-N-metilglaucina. Do extrato etanólico do cerne do caule subterrâneo obteve-se alantoína por precipitação. O óleo volátil e o extrato apolar também foram extraídos das cascas do caule subterrâneo. As substâncias 2,4,5-trimetoxiestireno, α-gurjuneno, aromadendreno, biciclogermacreno, (E)-metil-isoeugenol e α-asarona foram isoladas a partir do óleo volátil, e as substâncias policarpol, óxido de β-cariofileno, 2,4,5-trimetóxi-estireno, α-asarona e asaraldeído foram obtidas do extrato em éter de petróleo. Este estudo descreve pela primeira vez o alcalóide β-N-óxido de (-)-duguetina, e a ocorrência das substâncias (-)-Nmetiltetraidropalmatina e (+)-N-metilglaucina na família Annonaceae. Todos os extratos se mostraram tóxicos nos testes com Artemia salina.In the present investigation the underground parts of Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae) were used to conduct a phytochemical study that included the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay. The substances (-)-duguetine β-N-oxide, (-)-duguetine, dicentrinone, (-)-Nmethyltetrahydropalmatine, and (+)-N-methylglaucine were isolated from the alkaloid extract of the bark of the underground stem, and the ureide allantoin was also isolated by precipitation from the ethanol extract of the wood of the underground stem. A fresh volatile oil and a nonpolar extract were also obtained from the underground stem bark. The substances 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, α-gurjunene, aromadendrene, bicyclogermacrene, (E)-methylisoeugenol, and α-asarone were isolated from the fresh volatile oil and polycarpol, β-caryophyllene oxide, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, α-asarone, and asaraldehyde were obtained from the petroleum ether extract. The present study describes for the first time the alkaloid (-)-duguetine β-N-oxide and the occurrence of (-)-N-methyltetrahydropalmatine and (+)-N-methylglaucine in the family Annonaceae. All extracts were active in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay.Keywords: alkaloids, Annonaceae, aporphines, duguetine β-N-oxide, Duguetia furfuracea, sesquiterpenoids IntroductionNearly 80 species are known in the genus Duguetia, which is one of the 128 genera included in the family Annonaceae. 1 This paper reports the results of our continued phytochemical investigations of the family Annonaceae. We analyzed various extracts obtained from the underground stem bark of Duguetia furfuracea (A. St.-Hil.) Benth. & Hook f., which is a shrub distributed throughout the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Two species of the genus Duguetia have been found and worked up to date, and little data on their use in folk medicine can be found in the literature.D. furfuracea is known as "araticum-s...