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Today, with increasing the lifespan, the importance of healthpromoting behavior and paying attention to maintaining individuals' function and autonomy are becoming increasingly evident and regular physical activity is considered as one of the important aspects of healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior to predict the intention to do physical activity in the elderly. This study was conducted on the 371 elderly. A three-part questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, and theory of planned behavior questions was used. The views of the elderly were requested directly in this regard. According to the results, the elderly's mean age was 69 and the sample included 53% women. The behavior intention in this study had a positive significant correlation with all planned behavior theory constructs. The perceived behavior control construct hold the most prediction power regarding the variance of the elderly's intention of physical activity behavior. The constructs of theory could predict 26.7% of the variance of intention. Based on the results of this study, the theory of planned behavior was successful in predicting the elderly's intention to do physical activity and the necessity of paying attention to the component is emphasized to teach intention to elderly people, considering the role of the perceived behavior control construct in predicting behavior intention.

Background: Oral hygiene is one of the most important health issues in children that affects the health of children. This study aimed to investigate dental caries prevalence, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft and DMFT Indexes) and the associated factors among 9 -11 years old children.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4226 primary school students aged 9-11 years old using the census method in Iran. Data were collected by valid and reliable researcher-made checklists. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Logistic Regression tests.Results: The prevalence of permanent and primary dental caries in all students was 39.73% and 67.72%. The mean (standard deviation) of DMFT in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 0.6 (1.11), 0.97 (1.39) and 1.23 (1.63), respectively. The mean (standard deviation) dmft in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 3.14 (2.56), 2.46 (2.34) and 1.37 (1.84), respectively. There was a significant difference in DMFT and dmft between age groups (P<0.001). Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that there is a significant relationship between gender, birth rate, place of residence, mother's education, father's education and use of mouthwash with DMFT index (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the variables of insurance, residence and mother's job were significantly correlated with dmft index (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of dental caries was high. Variables of gender, birth rate, parental education, place of residence, use of mouthwash, having health insurance and mother's job were effective in predicting dental caries in students. it seems necessary to hold educational courses to increase awareness among students, educators, and parents about oral Health. Keywords: Elementary students, School, dmft, DMFT, Children, Oral health

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Background and Objective: One of the effective factors in improving the psychological state of students is positive thinking. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing positive thinking behavior based on the theory of planned behavior in students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 632 undergraduate students using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Pearson correlation, One-Way ANOVA, Independent samples t-test, linear regression). Results: The mean (± standard deviation) of positive thinking was 20.28 (± 3.29). According to the results, 60% of students had high positive thinking, 28% had moderate positive thinking and 2% had weak positive thinking. Results of linear regression showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and positive thinking behavior were able to predict 26% of the variances for positive thinking scale, and constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting positive thinking (P<0.001). Conclusion:Based on the results, the theory of planning behavior can be used as an appropriate theory for conducting educational and interventions programs in the field of positive thinking. Also, constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting students' positive thinking, and it is necessary to pay more attention to these issues in educational programs.