Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, major sources of renin, differentiate from metanephric mesenchymal cells which give rise to JG cells or a subset of smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole. During periods of dehydration and salt deprivation JG cells undergo expansion. Gene expression profiling comparing resident renal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) with JG cells indicate that the transcription factor Sox6 is highly expressed in JG cells in the adult kidney. In vitro, loss of Sox6 expression reduces differentiation of renal MSCs to renin producing cells. In vivo, Sox6 expression is upregulated during JG cell expansion. Importantly, knockout of Sox6 in Ren1d+ cells halts the increase in renin expressing cells normally seen during JG cell expansion as well as the typical increase in renin. These results support a previously undefined role for Sox6 in renin expression during normal and pathophysiological conditions.
Los antígenos del sistema sanguíneo ABO se encuentran de forma soluble en mucosas, esta característica es llamada estado secretor y ha sido asociada con diversas condiciones patológicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue generar el primer reporte del estado secretor en una población peruana. Se seleccionó 102 estudiantes universitarios, solicitando su consentimiento informado para verificar su grupo sanguíneo mediante hemaglutinación directa y se les solicitó una muestra de saliva. El estado secretor fue determinado aplicando inhibición de la hemaglutinación con la saliva, identificándose un 5% de individuos no secretores. Respecto al sistema ABO, el 76% presentó grupo O (antígeno soluble H); el 19%, grupo A y el 5%, grupo B. Se encontró una alta frecuencia del fenotipo secretor, por lo que se sugiere estudios para determinar la heterocigosidad y la susceptibilidad a infecciones en función al tipo de antígeno secretado.
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