Gender inequalities and deeply rooted gender stereotypes create enormous challenges for women in working life. Female academics in Turkey face these challenges and try to overcome them. The current study focused on female leaders' experiences in academia about these challenges. The findings showed that in order to survive in the male dominant working life, some female academics establish sisterhood with other women and enjoy solidarity behaviors, and others try to cope with the hardships via showing crab and queen bee behaviors. Thus, the study presents a portrayal of these three metaphors, queen bee, sisterhood, and crabs in a barrel in academic circles in the country.
The crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has had previously unforeseen global repercussions. As in other countries, in Turkey, the lockdowns and social isolation measures have completely changed social and economic conditions. Entrepreneurship, which by definition involves risk, has become even more risky due to the serious economic and social consequences of the pandemic. This study aimed to explore university students’ perspectives of entrepreneurship and to gain an understanding about the entrepreneurial experience in this period. Using reflexive photography as a visual method to extract qualitative data, this study presents a humanistic portrait of entrepreneurship as seen through the eyes of young people during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal six emergent themes regarding entrepreneurship, which are agile adaptation to new conditions, the changes in consumer preferences, the psychological responses, the rising number of women entrepreneurs, the adverse effects on the hospitality industry and the adaptation problems of traditional business owners. The current research provides an understanding of being an entrepreneur in Turkey during a global pandemic. The findings would contribute to educational institutions, entrepreneurs, managers and policy makers in their future efforts on designing agile policies, systems and structures that would show resilience to similar crises and educating capable entrepreneurs.
The purpose of this paper is to present a social entrepreneur and his social enterprise from Istanbul, Turkey. It is aimed to provide a real-life example for social entrepreneurship readers which would show the entrepreneurial motives, the start-up problems, market struggles, and the hardships caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Changing the world is hard work. Social entrepreneurs are the pioneers that accept the hard work and take action. As the examples are more visible, more people can be inspired to step in. This case study hopes to be a means of inspiring new social entrepreneurs.
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