Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion

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Aim of study: To investigate the effects of high dietary soybean oil and cholesterol on the serum lipid profile, enzymes and biochemical changes in weanling Wistar rat’s male. Materials and Methods: Twenty weanling male Wistar rats organised equaliy into two groups were used in this study. The first group of rats, were fed with controlled diet made up of the normal rat chow (C), and the second group was fed with hypercholesterolemia diet (HPC) enriched with 25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol for eight weeks.  Results: The dietary intake of the HPC diet was significantly increased the level of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) in the serum of Wister rats fed with HPC diet. gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), activities were also markedly elevated in rats fed with HPC diet; while, total protein and glucose level of rats fed with HPC diet was remarkably reduced, no significant difference was found in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and albumin contents of both groups.  Conclusion: This study established that hypercholesterolemia is induced by high soybean oil/cholesterol diet, despite the fact that soybean oil has high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.  In addition, the HPC diet led to weight loss in the rats and caused injury of rats’ heart and liver.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious global health problems affecting a significant proportion of both

Nitrosamine compounds are known hepatic carcinogens. This study was designed to study the efficacy of dietary supplementation with blueberries (BB) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in male wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups. The first group served as normal control group, the second group received DEN at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight five times a week for 15 weeks. The third one received DEN as in DEN-treated group simultaneously with 4% BB-supplemented diet. The results showed that BB caused significant decrease in the elevated serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), homocysteine (Hcy) along with levels of glutathione(GSH), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)and activity of glutathione reductase (GR) in liver. Normalization of elevated 2-macroglobulin (2M) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in serum, hepatic Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and liver weight was achieved whereas body weight was significantly decreased. Moreover, no significant change was observed in elevated relative liver weight, hepatic glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ɤ -glutamyltransferase (ɤ-GT) activities. Significant increase in reduced hepatic activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) was achieved and histopathological damage was minimized in BB-treated group. It is suggested that BB suppress DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and could be developed as a promising chemoprotective natural supplement for liver cancer.

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