Eight local and exotic cultivars of rice were crossed to obtain 28 F1 crosses, through half diallel mating design. The eight parents and their 28 F1s ( excluding reciprocals) were grown in a randomized block design with three replications at the farm of Sakha Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2020 and 2021 rice seasons. GCA and SCA were significant for most of studied traits. GCA/SCA ratios were found to be less than unity for all studied traits, indicating that the non-additive type of gene action was great importance in the inheritance of these traits. Estimates of GCA effects indicated that, the parent IET1444 was a good general combiner for most of studied characters. The hybrid combinations IR 65600-77×Nerica 9 were the best SCA for most of studied characters. IR 65600-77×Nerica 9 rice hybrid exhibited significant and highly significant positive estimates of heterosis as a deviation from mid and better parent for root length, number of roots/plant, root volume, root/shoot ratio, relative water content, flag leaf area, number of panicles/plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant under water deficit conditions, except root length for better parent was insignificant.
Combining ability analysis was carried out in rice through an 8 x 8 diallel set analysis excluding reciprocals involving 8 diverse parents for grain yield, yield components, and some grain quality traits at the Experimental Farm of the Rice Research Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the 2020 and 2021 summer seasons. The ratio of variances due to general and specific combining abilities (ó2 GCA / ó2 SCA) was less than unity for all the studied traits under water deficit and normal conditions, indicating that the non-additive type of gene action, including dominance, was of great importance in the inheritance of these traits, except that the hulling percentage under normal conditions was higher than unity. Among the parents, IET 1444 and Nerica 9 were found to be significantly superior general combiners for grain yield/plant. The parents IET 1444 and Sakha Super 300 were good general combiners for number of panicles/plants, number of filled grains/panicle and fertility (%). While IET 1444 and Nerica 9 were good general combiners for panicle length and grain yield/plant, Moreover, IR 65600-77 and Nerica 9 were the best general combiners for 100-grain weight. On the other hand, Sakha 109 and IET 1444 were good combiners for earliness. Sakha 108 and Sakha 109 were good combiners for plant height. The rice variety IR 69116 was a good general combiner for grain length and grain shape. while IR 65600-77 was a good combiner for amylose content (%). In addition, a total of 11 crosses exhibited positive significant and highly significant SCA for grain yield/plant. The promising combinations for grain yield and most of the studied traits were IR 69116 ×
Eight genotypes cultivars of rice were crossed to obtain 15 F 1 crosses, through line x tester mating design was employed for this purpose. The experiment was carried out using line x tester mating design, during 2021 and 2022 rice growing seasons at the experimental farm of Sakha Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Both GCA and SCA variances were found to be significant or highly significant for all studied traits. The estimates of GCA effects indicated that, the parent IR 12 G 3222 was a good general combiner for root length, number of roots/plant, and flag leaf area under both conditions. In addition, GZ 1368 was a good combiner for root volume under both conditions. While the line IR 69432 was a good combiner for root/shoot ratio under water deficit condition. The line 11 L 236 for chlorophyll content, number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield/plant and the tester Giza 178 for relative water content and grain yield/plant were good combiners under both conditions. On the other hand, the cross combinations, IR 69432 X GZ 1368 was found to be the best specific combinations for root length, number of roots/plant, root volume and root/shoot ratio under two conditions. The cross combination, IR 12 G 3213 X Giza 178 was the best specific combinations for relative water content, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content under both conditions . The cross combination, IR 12 G 3222 X Giza 178 was the best specific combination for 1000-grain weight and fertility % under both conditions. In addition, the cross combination, IR 69432 X GZ 1368 under normal and IR 69432 X Nerica 7 under water deficit were the best specific combinations for grain yield/plant. On the other hand, the crosses, IR
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