Heterosis is very important phenomenon where the superior performance can appear in F1 hybrid because increasing vigorous growth which leads to healthier and faster growing plants compared to its parents. This investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheik, Egypt, during 2019 and 2020 rice growing seasons to study heterosis and simple correlation of the yield and its components traits in some hybrid rice combinations, using Line x tester design among six cytoplasmic mail sterility and four restorer genotypes. The results of heterosis over mid parents and heterosis over better parent represents that the best hybrids were PR1xIR69625A, PR78xIR68902A, PR78xIR58025A, PR78xIR69625A and PR1xIR58025A could use in breeding program to improve the grain yield dependent on its superiority in many traits. The additive variance (σ 2 A) was greater than the dominance variance (σ 2 D) for the duration and panicle weight in both seasons and head rice in 2 nd growing season. Contrarily, the dominance variance (σ 2 D) was the greatest variance for the rest traits, indicating that these traits were largely governed by non-additive genes action. Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with total biomass in both seasons and with panicle weight in 1 st season, indicating the selection based on these two traits will be more effective to improve the grain yield.
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research Department (R.R.D.), Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons. In order to examine the impact of potassium silicate compound as foliar application on the growth, yield and grains quality of Giza 179 rice cultivar. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with four replications was used in the two seasons. Foliar applications of potassium silicate, at the rate of control (without potassium silicate), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0 % potassium silicate were sprayed twice with the same concentration at 15 and 30 days after transplanting. The studied characters were; chlorophyll content in flag leaf, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, plant height, no. of tillers per m 2 , no. of panicles per m 2 , panicle length cm, panicle weight g, total no. of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain yield ton/ha, percentages of hulling, milling and head rice and silicon content in stems, grains and straw .The results showed that application of potassium silicate caused an increased in growth characters, yield, yield attributes and grains quality of Giza 179 rice cultivar. Potassium silicate at the rate of 1,0% produced the maximum values of chlorophyll content in flag leaf, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, plant height, number of tillers/m 2 , number of panicles/m 2 , length of panicle (cm), weight of panicle (g), grain yield(ton/ha), as well as, hulling, milling, head rice percentages of Giza 179 rice cultivar, while sprayed Potassium silicate at the rate of 1.5 % resulted the maximum total number of grains/panicle and the rate of 2.0% produced the maximum silicon content in stems, grains and straw. All the other parameters showed overlapping results of different potassium silicate levels. According to the previous results, it could be concluded that using potassium silicate as foliar application twice with the same concentration 1.0% at 15 and 30 days after transplanting was the best treatment for improving growth and obtaining the greatest grain yield besides the grains quality of Giza 179 rice cultivar.
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC),Sakha, Kafr el-sheikh, Egypt during 2014 and 2015 seasons. The objective of this investigation was aimed to study the response of Egyptian hybrid rice one cultivar (SK 2034 H) to times of nitrogen fertilization and foliar spraying of ascobien compound. The nitrogen times of fertilization included four treatments i.e. Basal soil (B), Mid tillering (MT), panicle initiation (PI) and booting stage (BT). Foliar application of ascorbien compound at rate of 1.050 Kg/fed at two dates as follows, without ascorbien, spraying after transplanting by 25 days and at 25 and 45 days from transplanting. The main finding could be summarized as follows,1-Nitrogen fertilization splitting at rate of (69 Kg N/fed) at 17.25 Kg N/fed at B+ MT+ PI+ BT significantly maximize leaf area index, number of tillers /hill, number of filled grain/hill, 1000 grain weight and grain yield/fed, hulling, milling and broken rice percentage. 2-Foliar spraying of ascorbien compound twice at 25 and 45 days from transplanting significantly increased the previous studied traits as we mentioned before. 3-The interaction between times of nitrogen fertilization and foliar spraying of ascorbien compound significantly affected all the studied characters in this study. It could be concluded that splitting nitrogen at four equal doses (17.25 Kg N/fed) and foliar spraying of ascorbien compound at 25 and 45 days from transplanting of Egyptian hybrid rice one cultivar (SK 2034 H) was the recommended treatment to improve growth, yield components and grain quality and produced the greatest grain yield (4.48 t/fed) under the environment condition of Sakha Kafr El-sheikh.
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