To find the alternate ones with insecticides of synthesis, the extracts of plants are more and more used by the peasants to protect stocks from harvest against the devastating insects. Small fireclay cups phytochimic and insecticidal are made on three plants (Crataeva religiosa, Ficus thonningii and Tapinanthus bangwensis). The identification of the active ingredients present in the three plants show that they contain polyphenols, flavonoides, alkaloids, tannins, saponosides, etc. The insecticidal tests How to cite this paper: Diouf, E.H.G.,
The content of chemical compounds of two leguminous plants (Alysicarpus ovalifolius and Indigofera pilosa) was given through chromatographic methods (HPLC) and spectrocolorimetry. The principal isolated compounds are: β-Carotene in the sheets, the vitamin B in the roots and the vitamin C in the pods. Trace elements are not also insulated in the two plant species. The results show a content iodine (0.27 mg/100g of sample) particularly high in the stems of Indigofera pilosa, what could explain the use of the plant to fight against the thyroid dysfunctions. The ratio iron in mg/100g of sample 114.14 is rather important and would make Indigofera pilosa a palliative against anaemia. The two plants would be indicated in cases of treatment of hypocalcaemia.
In the search for alternative method beside the use of dangerous insecticides for health and the environment, the vegetable kingdom offers many possibilities. Work is carried out in this direction and showed an effectiveness of the extracts of plants. Our results indicate that the chloroformic contents present a better larvicidal activity than the other extracts. In addition, the analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the three extracts of stems showed their wealth of flavonic compounds before compounds, alkaloids and tannins thus suggesting a correlation between the larvicidal activity and the contents in secondary metabolites of stems.
This study is carried out on five varieties of mangoes exploited in Senegal (village of Kaguitt), two of which are intended for export and the three for local consumption on the one hand and national marketing on the other. The objectives of this study were to identify the varieties richest in antioxidants and to understand whether the position of the fruit (mango) harvest has an influence on its antioxidant levels. To carry out this study, we used the method developed by (Georgé et al., 2005) for the determination of polyphenols and the method of Adaramola et al. (2016) for evaluation of antioxidant activity. The results on the variation in antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids show an influence of variety and position. However, the variation of these contents is difficult to observe at first sight. From statistical analyses, we can see that the position and variety effects are dependent, i.e. that these levels vary according to the two parameters. Compared to the antioxidant activity content, the Sl (top position) and Knt (middle position) varieties are respectively the richest 50%inhibition and 40%inhibition. For the polyphenolic composition this variation according to position has not much effect, however the varieties Dr and Bk remain the richest 0.6 mgeqAc/100g and 0.5 mgeqAc/100g. The results on the flavonoid content show that the Intermediate position of the Dr variety (11 mgeqAc/100g) contains by far the most flavonoids than the other positions of the other varieties. However, its flavonoid content is not statistically significant compared to the Intermediate position of the variety SL. This study reveals that the SL, Dr and Knt varieties can be the basis of an antioxidant-rich diet in Senegal. They can also be used in several food areas.
Crop losses in vegetable crops due to nematodes are a concern in a country like Senegal where food demand is increasingly high. The use of chemical pesticides has made great progress in increasing harvests in Senegal. But these pesticides have negative effects on the environment and on human health. Crops are often contaminated as well as groundwater. The use of natural products to remedy this phenomenon is very important, especially in areas such as the Niayes zone where the climate and soil are very favorable for market gardening and where water contamination is very sensitive. The aim of our study is to identify the plants used to control nematodes in the Niayes area of Thiès. To this end, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey of 100 people of different ages and sexes in this area. The results showed 17 plant species used to control nematodes in 12 families. Among these species, the most cited were Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Juss, Calotropis procera (Ait.) F. and Cassia Occidentalis L. Leaves (71%) are mostly used. The sample is often dried and ground (45%) or fresh (case of hydrodistillation) (53%) before preparation. Water (92%) is the most used solvent for extraction. Maceration (85%) and infusion are the most common preparation methods. The application of these preparations by systemic action (94%) is more adopted than fumigation. Local people find these preparations rather effective (78%), which is very encouraging. The present study constitutes a database for further studies in the field of Senegalese pharmacopeia. In addition, scientific research on bionematicidal substances may be conducted in the future to evaluate the effectiveness of these plants identified in the Niayes area of Thiès for the protection of vegetable crops against nematodes.
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