Study of the Variation of Antioxidant Contents According to the Variety and the Position of the Fruit (Mango) Picking on the Plant from Five Varieties of Mango in Senegal

Abstract

This study is carried out on five varieties of mangoes exploited in Senegal (village of Kaguitt), two of which are intended for export and the three for local consumption on the one hand and national marketing on the other. The objectives of this study were to identify the varieties richest in antioxidants and to understand whether the position of the fruit (mango) harvest has an influence on its antioxidant levels. To carry out this study, we used the method developed by (Georgé et al., 2005) for the determination of polyphenols and the method of Adaramola et al. (2016) for evaluation of antioxidant activity. The results on the variation in antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids show an influence of variety and position. However, the variation of these contents is difficult to observe at first sight. From statistical analyses, we can see that the position and variety effects are dependent, i.e. that these levels vary according to the two parameters. Compared to the antioxidant activity content, the Sl (top position) and Knt (middle position) varieties are respectively the richest 50%inhibition and 40%inhibition. For the polyphenolic composition this variation according to position has not much effect, however the varieties Dr and Bk remain the richest 0.6 mgeqAc/100g and 0.5 mgeqAc/100g. The results on the flavonoid content show that the Intermediate position of the Dr variety (11 mgeqAc/100g) contains by far the most flavonoids than the other positions of the other varieties. However, its flavonoid content is not statistically significant compared to the Intermediate position of the variety SL. This study reveals that the SL, Dr and Knt varieties can be the basis of an antioxidant-rich diet in Senegal. They can also be used in several food areas.