Background: The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is a need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden in such low resource settings. We performed this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun-Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was performed on 215 respondents recruited consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia) were calculated. Associations between each of these NCDs and selected risk factors were determined using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of each of the three NCDs. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95% CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95% CI 2.2-8.4) and dyslipidaemia 47.1% (95% CI 41.1-54.8). Among the NCD risk factors, the prevalence of smoking was 41.3% (95% CI 34.2-48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5-78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95% CI 45.5-60.2). The independent significant predictors of hypertension were age ≥ 60 years (aOR 4.56; 95% CI: 1.72-12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01; 95% CI: 2.26-11.13). Age ≥ 60 years (aOR 8.83; 95% CI: 1.88-41.55) was an independent predictor of diabetes. Age ≥ 60 years (aOR 29.32; 95% CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12; 95% CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.03-5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15-0.76) were independent predictors of having dyslipidaemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia and their associated risk factors are high among the respondents of Ijegun-Isheri Osun community of Lagos state, Nigeria. This highlights the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle NCD burden in urban communities in Nigeria. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.
Objectifs : Évaluer la pratique de l'analgésie postopératoire et le niveau de connaissance des praticiens sur la douleur et sa prise en charge. Matériels et méthodes : Le cadre de notre étude est les services d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale des centres hospitaliers départementaux et de l'hôpital de la mère et de l'enfant (HOMEL) du Bénin. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective et descriptive sur une période de sept mois (octobre 2004 à mai 2005). Une fiche d'enquête a servi de recueil des données et le dépouillement a été fait au moyen des logiciels Épi-info et SPSS.Résultats : Au total 347 patients ont été inclus. L'âge moyen était de 28 AE 6 ans. La césarienne était l'intervention la plus pratiquée (52 %) suivie des appendicectomies (18 %) et de la cure herniaire (15 %). L'anesthésie générale a été pratiquée dans 63 % des cas contre environ 37 % de rachianesthésie. Les infirmiers diplômés d'État (IDE) (62 %) étaient les premiers prescripteurs d'antalgiques suivis des chirurgiens (21 %) et des infirmiers spécialisés en anesthésie-réanimation (ISAR) (13 %). La plupart des prescriptions antalgiques étaient faites en réanimation (45 %) et au bloc opératoire (36 %). Les NVPO étaient les effets secondaires les plus observés (19,4 %). En fonction de l'échelle utilisée, entre 58 et 79 % des patients étaient douloureux à la quatrième heure postopératoire. Le degré de satisfaction des patients sur la prise en charge de leur douleur atteignait 38 % à la quatrième heure postopératoire. Les 39 praticiens interrogés avaient une faible connaissance des moyens d'évaluation de la douleur et de sa prise en charge.Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the practice of postoperative analgesia and level of expertise of practitioners in postoperative pain management.Material and methods: This seven-month prospective study (October 2004 to May 2005 took place in the anaesthesiology and intensive care units of the five department hospitals and Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant (HOMEL) of Benin. A case report was completed for each patient.Results: The study included 347 patients, and their average age was 28 AE 6. The Caesarean section was the most frequently practiced surgical procedure (52 %), followed by appendectomies (18 %) and hernia repairs (15 %). General anaesthesia was administered in 63 % of the cases versus 37 % for spinal anaesthesia. The top prescribers were nurses (62 %), followed by surgeons (21 %) and nurses anaesthetists (13 %). Postoperative analgesics were most often prescribed in the intensive care unit (45 %), then the operating room (36 %). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 19.4 %. According to the scale used, 58 to 79 % of patients experienced pain 4 hours after surgery. Patients were satisfied or very satisfied in 38 % of the cases 4 hours after surgery. The level of expertise in postoperative pain management of 39 practitioners was very low.
Background: The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is a need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden in such low resource settings. We performed this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun- Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was performed on 215 respondents recruited consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia) were calculated. Associations between each of these NCDs and selected risk factors were determined using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of each of the three NCDs.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95%CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95%CI 2.2-8.4) and dyslipidaemia 47.1% (95%CI 41.1-54.8). Among the NCD risk factors, the prevalence of smoking was 41.3% (95%CI 34.2-48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5-78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95%CI 45.5-60.2). The independent significant predictors of hypertension were age ≥60 years (aOR 4.56; 95%CI: 1.72-12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01; 95%CI: 2.26-11.13). Age ≥60 years (aOR 8.83; 95%CI: 1.88-41.55) was an independent predictor of diabetes. Age ≥60 years (aOR 29.32; 95%CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12; 95%CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34; 95%CI: 1.03-5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.15-0.76) were independent predictors of having dyslipidaemia.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia and their associated risk factors are high among the respondents of Ijegun-Isheri Osun community of Lagos state, Nigeria. This highlights the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle NCD burden in urban communities in Nigeria. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.
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