GEM is one of the composite material which is used as backfill to protect the electronic equipments, communication network and to stem the voltage of the electrical power problem. GEM has been commonly used in Indonesia, but it is still imported. Therefore it is important to look for substitution minerals. The main compositions of GEM are silica (Si), Aluminium (Al) and carbon (C ). Therefore, this research focus on the aluminofilosilicate minerals (bentonite, from Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya), and charcoal. Laboratory experimentations are involved characterizations of raw materials, mineral engineering, and developing formulation and prototype of GEM. The result of this characterizations show that Nabentonite is the most potential material for GEM raw materials (514 Ohm cm).
Dieng geothermal field including its volcanic geothermal system is dominated by hot water. Brine water is characterized by high salinity, content of chloride (Cl -), amorphous silica (SiO 2 ), Na + , and K + . The condition of brine water has potential for the formation of amorphous silica scale in the re-injection pipeline which is one of the obstacle in the electrical energy production. The scale prevention on re-injection pipes was performed with non-acid re-injection system. Nevertheless, the scale formed in the re-injection pipe is still relatively thick due to the non-optimal sludge. This research is focused in optimizing the deposition of sludge. The research aim is to apply scale prevention technique on re-injection pipeline by involving engineering technology. The study was conducted through laboratory experiments with factorial design method 2 3 (two levels of three factors). Those three factors are pH, concentrations of coagulants and flocculants concentrations which act as the independent variables. The indicator is the volume of sludge deposition and turbidity of brine water which act as the dependent variables. The result showed that the most significant factor is pH, whereas the concentrations of coagulant and flocculant are preserved to accelerate and stabilize the sludge deposition. The optimal condition is achieved at the level of pH 8, the concentration of 10 ppm coagulant (PAC), and 1 ppm flocculants (Polyamide). These parameters are then used for the preparation of scaling process technology on the prevention of re-injection pipeline by adding some equipments on settling ponds. Therefore, in addition to reduce environmental degradation, it also produces sludge that has potential to be used as raw materials for other industries.
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