PROTOTIP GROUND ENHANCEMENT MATERIAL (GEM) BERBAHAN BAKU Na-BENTONIT KARANGNUNGGAL - TASIKMALAYA SEBAGAI BAHAN SUBSTITUSI GEM IMPOR

Abstract

GEM is one of the composite material which is used as backfill to protect the electronic equipments, communication network and to stem the voltage of the electrical power problem. GEM has been commonly used in Indonesia, but it is still imported. Therefore it is important to look for substitution minerals. The main compositions of GEM are silica (Si), Aluminium (Al) and carbon (C ). Therefore, this research focus on the aluminofilosilicate minerals (bentonite, from Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya), and charcoal. Laboratory experimentations are involved characterizations of raw materials, mineral engineering, and developing formulation and prototype of GEM. The result of this characterizations show that Nabentonite is the most potential material for GEM raw materials (514 Ohm cm).

Time Defendability of Ground Resistance Properties and Its Application of Vitric Tuff on the Development of Ground Enhancement Material

“…The formulation of activated vitric tuff as the main ingredient is 55% -85% and activated charcoal 7% -37%, mutually substituted for 92% of the total composition. Then use 6% NaCl additives (modification IEEE Standards Association, 2012; Agustinus et al, 2010), and CMC as a binder 2%. The resistivity measurement results are compared with the standard GEM product.…”

“…Charcoal has hygroscopic properties and high adsorption power, then with chemical-physical activation treatment causes the loss of impurities so that its performance is more optimal (Sembiring et al, 2010). The addition of NaCl at a concentration of 6% (low) provides space for the ions as an electrolyte to move more freely and has been proven to be able to optimally reduce resistivity (Agustinus et al, 2010;Hidayati and Zainul, 2019;IEEE Standards Association, 2012).…”

“…The resistivity is influenced more by sodium chloride (NaCl) rather than sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ). Optimal results occur at 6-13% (Agustinus et al, 2010;Ahmad et al, 2010). In addition, the resistivity is also influenced by the electrolyte and soil temperature (IEEE Standards Association, 2012).…”

“…Vermiculite, pearlite (Lai et al, 2017), gypsum, andMarcionite (Mohd Tadza et al, 2019). These raw materials have not shown optimal performance, so several blending engineering technologies have been developed with additives, multi blending, and activation treatments (chemistry and physics) (Agustinus et al, 2010;Opara et al, 2014;Agustinus, 2018;Martin et al, 2019;Bakar et al, 2020). Other ingredients as additives include charcoal and salt (Ahmad et al, 2020), coconut husk (Halim et al, 2019), fly ash, and wood ash (Wan Ahmad et al, 2018).…”

“…GEM also has a low sulfur content of < 2% and is non-corrosive (depending on the type of electrode rod), and has good resistance to time (Erico, 2018). GEM has the main component of silica (Si), alumina (Al), and carbon (C) (Agustinus et al, 2010).…”