Abstrak El Niño 2015 merupakan salah satu El Niño terkuat. Cekaman kekeringan yang disebabkan oleh El Niño 2015 akan mempengaruhi performa tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola curah hujan serta performa kelapa sawit selama El Niño 2015 khususnya di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data curah hujan Januari-Desember 2015, data Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) bulanan, dan performa tanaman kelapa sawit. Analisis pola curah hujan dilakukan dengan analisis korelasi Pearson (r) antara SOI dan curah hujan, sedangkan performa tanaman diamati berdasarkan kondisi morfologis tanaman. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Sumatera Bagian Selatan serta sebagian besar Kalimantan mengalami deret hari kering, bulan kering dan defisit air yang lebih tinggi berturut-turut yaitu 37-133 hari, 3-5 bulan, dan 349-524 mm. Hasil analisis pola curah hujan menunjukkan bahwa Jambi, secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kejadian El Niño 2015, dengan r ≥ +0,60. Tanaman kelapa sawit yang berada di Sumatera bagian selatan serta sebagian besar Kalimantan mengalami cekaman kekeringan ditandai munculnya lebih dari dua daun tombak, banyak muncul bunga jantan, malformasi tandan, pelepah sengkleh, dan pelepah lingkar terbawah mengering. Kata kunci : kelapa sawit, El Niño, kekeringanAbstract El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, and oil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stress marked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.
El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.
Soil water content is an important property to indicate the quality of peat in supporting plant growth. Soil nutrient is affected by water content, and each plant has varied adaptation to encounter water stress. This study aimed to observe the effect of water stress to leaf nutrients, nutrient uptake dynamics, and biomass on oil palm seedlings with three different varieties (540, Langkat, Dumpy) and four different water stoppage periods (0, 14, 21, 28 days). Results showed that after 28 days, biomass, leaf nutrients, and plant nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) from 3 varieties were not statistically different. However, different N, P, K, and Mg uptake only occurred if we compared watering period’s data. The highest water content and biomass correlation were shown in Langkat variety (r = -0.630). The pH increased longest water stoppage period (r = 0.116). Significant correlation was only found in Langkat and Dumpy’s N uptake (r = -0.431 - (- 0.420)), and P uptake of Langkat (r = -0.368). Sensitivity order of nutrient uptake in relation with low water content for 540 variety was N > Ca > Mg > P > K; Langkat variety was N > Ca > Mg > P > K, and Dumpy variety was N > Ca > P > Mg > K.
Evaluasi pemupukan cara benam dilakukan untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang dihadapi kebun dalam menerapkan kebijakan yang dimulai sejak akhir tahun 2019 di beberapa kebun kelapa sawit, khususnya penggunaan alat untuk membuat lubang pupuk. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan sistem benam telah dilakukan di kebun, dengan menggunakan mesin bor maupun alat manual, dengan kualitas pekerjaan yang beragam sesuai dengan ketersediaan mesin bor, kondisi lahan serta sumber daya manusia di setiap kebun. Mesin bor yang digunakan terdiri atas mesin bor tanah (MBT) dan mesin bor babat (MBB) yang telah dimodifikasi. Sementara alat manual terdiri atas pecok dodos, pecok pipa, pecok injak, dan cangkul digunakan untuk membantu membuat lubang pupuk mengingat terbatasnya jumlah dan kapasitas kerja mesin bor. Kebijakan untuk menggunakan mesin bor memerlukan komitmen yang kuat dari perusahaan dalam hal pendanaan secara berkelanjutan, mengingat penggunaan mesin bor memerlukan dana khusus untuk pengadaan, perawatan rutin, perbaikan, operasional mesin bor serta untuk premi pekerja terampil. Dalam kondisi pendanaan yang terbatas, pemupukan secara benam tetap dapat dilakukan secara selektif pada areal yang tingkat pencuciannya tinggi, yang dapat dilakukan menggunakan alat manual. Alat manual tidak memerlukan biaya khusus untuk pengadaan dan perawatannya, serta dapat digunakan oleh tenaga kerja tanpa perlu ketrampilan khusus.
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