This study emphasizes on examining the fraud hexagon theory referring to signs of fraud of financial statements, which employs all manufacturing companies listed in the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange). However, total selected sample are 153 of the manufacturing industry. The companies are categorized into indicated and not indicated committing fraud in the 2010-2018 period by applying the Beneish M-Score. The findings demonstrated that financial stability, the financial targets, the external pressures, the nature of industry, and CEO duality can be applied to predict fraud of financial statements. Meanwhile, personal financial needs, ineffective monitoring, quality of external auditors, auditor turnover, director turnover, and marginal costs cannot indicate occurrence of the fraud of financial statement. The findings conclude that pressure, ego, and opportunity significantly affect the financial statement fraud. Future research are suggested to consider different proxies for fraudulent financial statements; hence, the accuracy of the proxies can be compared with this study. Moreover, adding other proxies of conspiracy such as bonuses received by managers will be beneficial.

This study aims to empirically test the detection of indications of financial statement fraud based on financial shenanigans. Financial shenanigans are proxied by the growth in days' sales outstanding, cash flow from operating divided by net income, and accounts receivable divided by sales. Indication of financial statement fraud is proxied by the F-Score model. This research was conducted at oil and gas companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. Hypothesis testing used multiple linear regression analysis. The test was carried out in three steps, namely testing on Indonesia and Malaysia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The results of this study found evidence that the growth of the days' sales outstanding is significant to the indication of financial statement fraud in Malaysia. Another result is that the growth in a collection period, cash flow from operating divided by net income, and accounts receivable divided by sales is not significant if tested separately for Indonesia and Malaysia and Indonesia.

Detection of fraudulent financial stewardship in the cash flow section is an exciting thing and is rarely studied. This research empirically tests the discovery of fraudulent financial statements based on basic cash flow shenanigans. The sample of this study amounted to 470 data mining companies in Indonesia, Malaysia, China, and Japan. The analysis method used is a positive approach. The results show that all ratios used can predict fraudulent financial statements. Three ratios of cash flow shenanigans, namely change in receivable to cash flow operations, days payable outstanding, and change in inventory to cash flow operations, significantly affect the F-Score. Meanwhile, the six cash flow shenanigans ratios, namely cash flow operations to current liability, operating cash flow ratio, free cash flow, cash flow operations to total liability, days payable outstanding, and change in inventory to cash flow operations, have a significant effect on the M-Score.

In practice, auditors sometimes have a hard time detecting false financial statements since they only look at the figures on the financial statements. Consequently, they ignore the red flags in the annual reports’ wording. This study aims to analyze how the level of readability of annual reports and abusive earnings management affects fraudulent financial reporting. A total of 240 annual reports from publicly traded industrial businesses were used. The paper used data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and each sampled companies’ official website. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Falsified financial statements are the dependent variable, while annual report readability and abusive earnings management are independent variables. The Dechow F-Score is used to assess whether financial statements are false. The annual report’s readability is assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease, Length, Flesch-Kincaid, and Lasbarhets Indexes. Finally, accrual discretionary and real earnings management are used to uncover earnings management misuse. According to the findings, dishonest earnings management has a significant influence on financial statement fraud. Moreover, abusive earnings management can aid in the detection of falsified financial statements. AcknowledgmentsRector Universitas Trunojoyo Madura supported this paper under Grant Number 2285/UN46.3.1/PN/2019. Any and all views, results, conclusions, or recommendations stated in this material are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Rector of Universitas Trunojoyo Madura for his efforts and cooperation in conducting this investigation.

This study determines the planning and budgeting of documents in the gray village. Researchers empirically evaluate and demonstrate how the actual practice of village government was conducted. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study method to analyze the data, which was drawn from unstructured interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal how opportunities for fraud can be due to a lack of understanding of functions, duties, and responsibilities and how they also affect budget preparation. This is due to the pressure in completing planning and budgeting documents that affect uninformed village chairmen and chiefs who are signing documents. Another finding is that there are typically two village secretaries who act as financial coordinators for one village government. Keywords:   documents, planning, budgeting, village