Agricultural cooperation, especially in a current socio-economic, political and institutional environment, has a significant impact on the development of agricultural economy, rural communities and rural territories. The effectiveness of agricultural cooperative performance depends on the government activities aimed at creating agricultural cooperatives and supporting them in terms of information, consulting and finances. It also depends on the scientific concepts used for determination of modern cooperative policy instruments and strategies. The assessment of agricultural cooperatives' performance in the Kurgan Region (Russia) indicates that traditional type cooperatives, set-up in the modern institutional conditions, result in low performance level of such cooperatives. New, modern features of cooperatives, contradicting the traditional cooperative model, and reflecting entrepreneurial behavior of organizations, have emerged in the last several years. This study has undertaken the in-depth interviews with potential and existing cooperative members in the Kurgan region. Results of the study indicate the importance of formal and informal institutions for successful development of agricultural cooperation, and the importance of compliance of cooperative principles to the currently existing institutional environment. Study results show, that present formal and informal institutions lead to the low effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives' performance. A traditional cooperative model is hard to be well-functioning within the modern institutional environment.
Providing the population of Russia with dairy products of its own production determines the food independence of the country, which depends on the development of the national agro-industrial complex. In this case, the possibility of increasing the productivity of animals with the lowest cost of production plays an important role. The solution of problems of development of animal farming is socially relevant today. The analysis of publications on the studied aspects of the formation of science-based system of dairy farming at the regional level, a comparative analysis of natural quantities characterizing the effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding are the main methods of research used in the work. According to our study rates of increase in volumes of products of livestock production in comparison with crop production, led to the fact that the livestock production became the leading industry in formation of gross output of agriculture of Chelyabinsk region. Using such indicator as consumption of basic food products per capita we concuded that the coonsumption of main products of a delivery concedes to the recommended medical norms therefore a part of food is imported from other regions of the Russian Federation. The problems inherent in branch of dairy cattle breeding of Russia are characteristic also of Chelyabinsk region. Reduction of a livestock of the cattle continues, body height of efficiency doesn’t compensate decrease in gross production of milk, doesn’t provide a breeding. However, the dairy cattle breeding makes enough significant contribution to the volume of a regional product and ensuring food security of the region therefore it is necessary to find paths of effective use of capacity of the given industry for stabilization of economy.
The village as a socio-territorial subsystem of society is a single socio-economic, territorial, natural, historical and cultural complex. The agricultural policy of any developed country should be aimed, first of all, at ensuring food security, preserving domestic agricultural producers and the rural way of life in the conditions of competition. The components of which are the rural population, the totality of social relations related to its vital activity, the territory and the material objects located on it are components of this complex. Therefore, the sustainable development of rural areas is the basis for the stable development of the regions, both economically and socially. Farming in the context of new trends and vectors of development plays a huge role in improving the well-being of rural areas of each region and the country as a whole. The main trends in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the region are identified. The contribution of small businesses to the formation of food security in the region is determined. The main conclusions of the study are reduced to the identified systemic problems of small business development in the Chelyabinsk region.
The significance and scientific novelty of the approach proposed in the article to the peculiarities of human capital formation in rural areas, acceptable for analyzing the current state of this phenomenon and constructing the optimal trajectory of its development, is substantiated, firstly, by taking into account the modern features of rural areas, including their multifunctionality; secondly, by positioning human capital not only as an individual, but also as a social phenomenon; thirdly, by integrating into the concept of such characteristics of human capital in rural areas as its relativity (network nature) and cumulativeness ( possibility of accumulation within territorial boundaries); fourthly, the identification of the human capital of rural areas as a complex adaptive system, spatially localized, associated with other systems, evolving under the influence of factors of micro-, meso-, macro-levels. The article discusses the concept of human capital in the context of rural areas and identifies their features. A logical scheme for the study of the peculiarities of the formation of human capital of agricultural business entities is proposed.
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