Aim. To determine the role of chronic cervicitis and violations of local immunity of the cervix in the etiology of miscarriage of the first trimester, as well as to justify the necessary scope of examination for timely therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods. The results of a prospective and retrospective study of 225 women with undeveloped pregnancy who were admitted to a gynecological hospital are presented. All women received microscopic, cultural, and molecular genetic (PCR), studies of vaginal and cervical canal discharge, cytological studies of scrapings from the cervical canal and cervix, studies of the structure of cervical mucus and its immunoglobulin A, and pathomorphological studies of the fetal egg. According to the results of the pathomorphological examination of the abortion material in combination with the clinical data, the examined patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 95 women with bacterial infection of the fetal egg, group 2 90 women with viral infection of the fetal egg. As a control group, 40 women with normal progressive pregnancy were taken, who were admitted for its artificial termination. Results. Inflammatory diseases of the lower genital organs in the group of women with bacterial infection of the fetal egg are significantly more common than in the group of viral infection of the fetal egg and the control group, and correlate with the results of pathomorphological studies in more than 86.7% of cases. In the group of women with bacterial infection, according to the results of the study of the structure of cervical mucus and the level of secretory IgA, a decrease in local immunity of the cervix was revealed. Conclusion. The analysis of the research results allows us to confirm the concept of ascending infection of the fetal egg in the bacterial etiology of undeveloped pregnancy, which deserves the practical attention of obstetricians and gynecologists and further study for the timely treatment of at hospital phase dysbiotic and inflammatory diseases of the lower parts of the female genital organs during pregravidar preparation.

No abstract

Aim. To form diagnostic and therapeutic complexes in women with a history of miscarriage of the first trimester of bacterial etiology at the outpatient stage for the restoration of reproductive function. Materials and methods. The present study included 80 women after inpatient treatment in the gynecological department of Dzhanelidze Saint Petersburg Institute of Emergency Care for miscarriage of the first trimester. At the outpatient stage after 13 months these women were examined in the St. Petersburg City Оutpatients' clinic №44, Saint-Petersburg Maternity Clinic No. 5, Saint-Petersburg Maternity Clinic No. 19 and Medical Center "Academic Medicine". Results. Cervicitis was detected in 85% of patients, the correlation with the diagnosis made in the hospital was 96%. Non-specific vaginitis, candida vaginitis, and bacterial vaginosis were mostly combined with cervicitis and chronic endometritis. Chronic endometritis was verified in 62 women. A survey of permanent sexual partners showed that most of them (66.1%) had an inflammatory process in the urogenital tract. The comparability of the results of detection of bacterial associations was 82%. All women received comprehensive treatment and pre-gravidar training, as well as treatment for a permanent sexual partner. After the treatment, the reproductive function of the women studied was monitored for 24 months. The results of the retrospective analysis showed that pregnancy occurred in 59 (73.8%) cases in the patients of the study group. Conclusion. Complex diagnostics of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital organs should include clinical, microscopic, bacteriological, cytological and PCR methods, colposcopy. The frequency of detection of cervicitis and chronic endometritis in women at the outpatient stage of management of women with miscarriage of the first trimester is highly correlated with each other. The proposed complex therapy of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract contributes to the restoration and preservation of the reproductive function of women with an miscarriage of the first trimester of bacterial etiology in the anamnesis.