Indeks saprobik adalah indeks yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status pencemaran suatu perairan dengan menggunakan keberadaan organisme seperti fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran di perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara berdasarkan indeks saprobik dan komposisi fitoplankton. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksploratif.Sampel fitoplankton diambil dari 12 titik sampling di sekitar perairan Pulau Panjang. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Sampel plankton diperoleh secara aktif menggunakan plankton net dengan mesh size 37 μm diameter 21 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankomposisi fitoplankton di P. Panjang terdiri dari 32 genus, termasuk ke-dalam 4 kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae (18 genus), Dinophyceae (12 genus), Cyanophyceae (1 genus),Chlorophyceae (1 genus). Indek keanekaragaman dan keseragamannya termasuk dalam kriteria sedang dan tidak ada genus yang mendominasi. Nilai indeks saprobik berkisar antara 0.0 s/d 0.5, yaitu dengan tingkat pencemaran ringan (β/α- mesosaprobik) hingga sedang (α/β- mesosaprobik) oleh bahan organik.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut perairan P. Panjang, Jepara termasuk kedalam perairan yang tercemar rendah hingga sedang. A saprobic index is an index used to determine the status of pollution in waters by using the presence of organisms such as phytoplankton. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of pollution in the waters of Island Panjang, Jepara, based on the saprobic index and phytoplankton composition. The method used is descriptive explorative. Phytoplankton samples were taken from 12 sampling points around Panjang Island by a purposive sampling method. Plankton sampling was carried out using the plankton net with a mesh size of 37 μm in diameter of 21 cm. The results showed that there were 4 classes in Panjang Island, namely Bacillariophyceae (18 genera), Dinophyceae (12 genera), Cyanophyceae (1 genus), Chlorophyceae (1 genus). The index of diversity and uniformity are moderate and no dominant genus. The saprobic index was ranged from 0.0 to 0.5, which was light (β / α-mesosaprobic) to moderate (α / β-mesosaprobic) pollution levels of organic matter. Based on the results, Panjang Island waters in Jepara were polluted in low to-moderate category.
Research precast beam type L shape has produced strength of flexure where it was jointed at middle of span with L shape. Problem was about strength and deflection with joint of Type L shape. Aim of this research was determined strength of flexure such deflection and maximal load would be apllicated. Precast beam type L shape consist of two beam P1 and P2 were tested at two point load was applicated. This research have produced of data of precast beam P1 and P2. Precast beam P1 has deflection 28,44 mm at maximum load 11,21 Ton. Precast beam P2 has deflection 26,71 at maximum load 11,76 Ton. Except that data, has produced also chart of load versus deflection where precast beam type L shape has behavior less for ductility approximately du/dy 1,17, where deformation inelasticity was not seem. That occur because overlapping at joint of precast concrete at middle of span.
The Result of this research is conventional beam (K1,K2) or precast beam (P1,P2), for precast beam (P1,P2) grouted with SIKA Grout 215 product and mechanic at the joint. Compressive Strength of concrete at 28 day is 358,26 Kg/cm2For flexure test until failure have resulted for convensional beam K1 deflection at maximum load 9,61 ton is 2,114 cm, for convensional beam K1 deflection at maximum load 9,82 ton is 1,479 cm, for convensional beam K1 deflection at maximum load 12,79 ton is 2,103 cm, for convensional beam K1 deflection at maximum load 12,02 ton is 1,745 cmKeywords: Precast, Grouting, non shrinkageABSTRAKPada penelitian ini telah dihasilkan benda uji baik benda uji konvensional (K1, K2) maupun benda uji precast (P1,P2) dimana untuk benda uji P1 dan P2 dilakukan penggroutingan dengan bahan grouting nonshrinkage (tidak susut) produk Sika Grout 215 pada daerah sambungannya selain dengan mechanic joint. Mutu beton rata – rata yang dicapai adalah 358,26 Kg/cm2Hasil yang telah dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah untuk balok konvensional K1 menghasilkan lendutan pada beban maksimum 2,114 cm , untuk balok konvensional K2 menghasilkan lendutan pada beban maksimum 1,479 cm, untuk balok precast P1menghasilkan lendutan pada beban maksimum 2,103 cm, untuk balok precast P2 menghasilkan lendutan pada beban maksimum 1,745 cmBeban maksimum yang dicapai balok konvensional K1 adalah 9,61 ton, untuk balok konvensional K2, beban maksimum 9,82 ton, untuk balok precast P1, beban maksimum 12,79 ton, untuk balok precast P2 beban maksimum 12,02 tonKata Kunci : Precast, Grouting, non shrinkage
Abstrak Pada penelitian sambungan (boned nonprestressed) pada balok precast ini telah dihasilkan suatu perbandingan kekuatan lentur antara balok precast yang disambung di tengah bentang (middle wet joint) dengan balok konvensional. Dari hasil yang ada terlihat bahwa performa balok precast yang disambung di tengah bentang dengan sistim middle wet joint dibandingkan dengan balok konvensional adalah tidak lebih baik, hal itu dibuktikan pada kurva hubungan lendutan-beban rata-rata antara benda uji 1,2,3 dengqn benda uji 4,5,6. Dari kurva yang ada diketahui bahwa rata-rata benda uji balok precast 1,2,3 menghasilkan beban maksimal 22,7 KN pada lendutan 6 mm sedangkan pada kurva rata-rata benda uji balok konvensional 4,5,6 menghasilkan beban maksimal 32,7 KN. Kata Kunci : Prestressed,precast,boned nonprestressed,concrete
Soil is an essential structural material since it must be able to support the load applied, which is why soil must have sufficient bearing ability. The dry density affects the strength and deformation parameters. To achieve stable soil and meet the technological specifications for building a foundation, good embankment condition necessitates compaction. In this analysis, the updated proctor method was compared to the soil compaction energy proctor test method. Compaction energy is a crucial factor in assessing the soil’s intensity, and it must be taken into account during the planning stage. The laboratory’s Standard Proctor density was 1.63 gr/cm3, and the modified proctor density was 2.18 gr/cm3, according to the findings of this report. The outcome of the soil density sand cone test indicates that the degree of soil density is 97.31 percent for the standard proctor test process, indicating that the soil density has been achieved and the soil embankment should be used, but as applied to the soil density in the laboratory by standard proctor test, the degree of soil density is 73.54 percent lower.
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