Aim: Oral complications of diabetes mellitus have an influence on the general health and well-being of the people and demonstrate to be a burden for the dental health sector, predominantly in developing countries. The current study aimed to check the awareness and knowledge of oral health status concerning Type II diabetes mellitus patients at a THQ hospital in Sargodha, Pakistan, and perform an oral examination to evaluate oral health status. Methods: This study was conducted at a THQ hospital in District Sargodha in which 180 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. Data was documented employing a structured questionnaire which was administered to participants visiting the outpatient department. Results: The average age was documented to be 41.58 ± 8.35 years. It was discerned that 44% of the study participants had adequate oral health awareness; however, 56% had insufficient oral health understanding. The outcomes indicated that 62% had adverse oral health as revealed by their scores on the oral health attitude questionnaire while 38% were noticed to have good oral hygiene. It was also seen that the oral health attitude was strongly correlated with oral health knowledge (P 0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study signify that Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting district Sargodha have insufficient oral health awareness and reveal undesirable oral health attitudes. Based upon these results, community-oriented oral health promotion programs are essential to steer the lifestyle of diabetic patients. Keywords: Knowledge, dental, Diabetes mellitus, Type II diabetes, Oral health, Oral complications.

ABSTRACT… Objective: To find out the eruption timing of the first deciduous tooth and the factors affecting its eruption timing. Study Design: This study is hospital based. Setting: Lahore and Rajana. Period: 07.01.2016 to 28.08.16. Material and Method: All the participating children are from 05 months to 13 years age. In this study, information about children's first deciduous tooth eruption, mode of feeding, nutritional status and the family's socioeconomic status is taken from their mother. The data is fed in SPSS for window V 16.0 and calculated the average age at which the first milk tooth is erupted. Result and Conclusion: A total of 170 children from both genders were scrutinized. The first deciduous tooth eruption in our study was found to be the mandibular central incisor at the mean age of 8 months (7.86). Girls get early primary dentition than boys, breast and non-breast feeding bears no difference and children from low socioeconomic group have early primary eruption. Article Citation: Rathore E, Nadeem M, Salahuddin B. First primary tooth eruption; a survey of its timing in Pakistani children and factors effecting its chronology. Keywords

A rare case of an adult male with malformation of the skull, face, hands and feet called acrocephalosyndactly or Apert syndrome is presented. Its probable cause, features and treatment is discussed. It is a unique case who survived upto the age of 32 years without any operative intervention and adjusted in the society though he has all the stigmas of the above syndrome. We have concluded and made a point that in the adult sufferer, facial deformity is not so important and urgent for the treatment than syndactyly, which handicaps the sufferer in performing the daily routine work.

Aim: To investigate the comparison between teacher centered and Student centered medical education approach among multiple medical and dental institutes of Lahore. Methods: A thorough investigation was done by collecting data on results of students given Teacher centered medical education and Student centered medical education. Students of each class were divided into 5 groups and given tasks of presenting on given topics and individual students’ participation was encouraged in each group. Results: The results of teacher centered teaching showed that 20% of class scored above 80% marks. 78% of class scored between 60% and 80% marks and 2% scored less than 60% marks. On the other hand the student centered presentation had an excellent outcome where 100% of students scored more than 80% marks, out of which 60% scored more than 90%. Conclusion: It is concluded that Students’ performance in student centered medical education was higher than that in teacher centered education. This teaching technique was seen to be better retentive because of active participation of students. MeSH Words: Medical Education, Self-centered learning, Student centered learning, teacher centered learning.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a distressing and disabling disorder due to fibrous or osseous adhesions between the bony components of the joint1. It not only causes the inability to open the month but also alters the eating habits, speech ability, and cause malocclusion, facial disfigurement and psychological disorders2. The main cause is trauma in the childhood3. The treatment is early and aggressive surgical operation4. So many surgical procedures have been described but no one has been proven entirely satisfactory5.