Summary The phenotype of milk-derived and peripheral blood lymphoeytes from normal and coeliac subjects was assessed for CD3. aP-TcR (T cell receptor). yS-TcR. CD4. CD8. HML-I (human mucosal lymphocyte) determinants, and activation was measured by interleukin-2 receptor {1L-2R) expression. Milk cells from normal and coeliac subjects were analysed by manual immunofluoreseence and milk and blood cells from normal subjects were analysed by flow cytometry. Milk eells from two eoeliac subjects were tested for proliferation to gluten antigen. The CD4:CD8 ratio of milk lymphoeytes from both normal and eoeliac subjects was similar (0.78-1.1). but lower than that present in blood (1.5-2.1). The IL-2R expression of milk lymphocytes from both coeliac and normal subjeets was increased by 3-6 times eompared with peripheral blood eells. For example. IL-2R was present on 27.3% of milk CD3+ lymphocytes and on 8.0% of blood CD3+ lymphocytes from normal subjects. Y5-and HML-I+ T cells were inereased 4.2-fold and 12-fold respeetively compared with blood lymphocytes. Milk cells from coeliac subjects showed specific proliferation to gluten but not to soya bean antigen. We conclude that milk cells have a 'mucosal" phenotype. with increased Y5-TCR. CD8+ and HML-I+ T cells, and have an inereased proportion of aetivated eells. Milk eells from coeliae subjects have no 'toxic' phenotype. but show functional reactivity by speeific proliferation to gluten antigen.
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