Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes cores de aquários na larvicultura da piabanha-do-pardo (Brycon sp.). Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de aquários de cores claras (branca, verde e azul) e escuras (marrom e preta). Ao final do experimento, foram mensurados a sobrevivência, o peso, o comprimento total e a coloração das larvas, que foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A sobrevivência foi menor (66,25%), com maior taxa de canibalismo (17,08%), no aquário de cor azul, quando comparado ao aquário de cor marrom (84,17%), com baixa taxa de canibalismo (6,25%). O comprimento total, o peso e a mortalidade não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A coloração das larvas escureceu progressivamente dos aquários mais claros para os mais escuros, o que interferiu no canibalismo e na sobrevivência. O aquário marrom promove maior valor de sobrevivência e menor taxa de canibalismo nas larvas de piabanha-do-pardo.Termos para indexação: Brycon, canibalismo, coloração, mortalidade, pigmentação. Larviculture of piabanha-do-pardo in aquariums of different colorsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different colors of aquariums on the larviculture of piabanha-do-pardo (Brycon sp.). The treatments consisted of the use of light-(white, green, and blue) and dark-(brown and black) colored aquariums. At the end of the experiment, survival, weight, total length, and color of the larvae were measured and compared by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. Survival was lower (66.25%), with a higher rate of cannibalism (17.08%), in the blue-colored aquarium when compared to the brown-colored one (84.17%), with a low rate of cannibalism (6.25%). Total length, weight, and mortality did not differ among treatments. The color of the larvae gradually darkened from the lighter to the darker aquariums, which interfered with cannibalism and survival. The brown aquarium promotes a greater survival value and a lower rate of cannibalism in larvae of piabanha-do-pardo.
ResumoA avaliação da proporção ideal de concha calcária/brita em biofiltro no cultivo de pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo foi o objetivo deste trabalho. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Aquicultura e Ecologia Aquática da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri -UFVJM, entre os dias 21 de julho a 3 de agosto de 2011. Pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo na densidade de 13,3 pós-larvas/L foram cultivadas em aquários contendo biofiltros com 100% concha calcária; 70% concha calcária/30% brita; 50% concha calcária/50% brita; 30% concha calcária/70% brita; 10% concha calcária/90% brita; 100% brita e como controle, aquário sem biofiltro, em DIC, totalizando sete tratamentos com três repetições. A presença de concha calcária no biofiltro proporcionou melhores condições da água, quando comparado com os aquários sem biofiltro e com brita apenas, mantendo os parâmetros adequados para o cultivo de tilápia do Nilo. Apesar dos níveis de amônia estarem próximos ao limite superior desejado para o cultivo da espécie, eles não comprometeram o crescimento (comprimentos total e padrão, altura e peso). A proporção 30% de concha calcária e 70% de brita é recomendada como substrato de biofiltro, por apresentar a melhor taxa de nitrificação ao longo do experimento. Palavras-chave: biofiltração, larvicultura, nitrificação, resíduos nitrogenados, Oreochromis niloticus. AbstractThe evaluation of the optimal ratio of calcareous shell/gravel substrate in biofilters was evaluated in post-larval culture of Nile tilapia the was objective of this work. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture, UFVJM University, Brazil, from July 21 to August 3, 2011. Post-larvae of Nile tilapia at density 13.3 post-larvae/L were grown in tanks containing biofilters with 100% calcareous shell; 70% calcareous shell/30% gravel; 50% calcareous shell/50% gravel; 30% calcareous shell/70% gravel; 10% calcareous shell/90% gravel; 100% gravel; tank without biofilters and control, in completely randomized design with seven treatments and three repetitions. Calcareous shell provided better water conditions than tanks without biofilter or containing only gravel, keeping the parameters suitable for Nile tilapia farming. Although ammonia levels were close to the desired upper limit, they had no influence on morphological parameters (total length, standard length, height and weight). The rate 30% shell/70% gravel is recommended as biofilter substrate, as it provided the best nitrification rate during the experiment.
1Two experiments were carried out to study piabanha-do-Pardo (Brycon vonoi) larvae development. In the first, six different diets were evaluated, being Artemia sp., plankton, feeds, feeds + Artemia sp., feeds + plankton, and Prochilodus hartii (curimba) larvae. In the second, four different water salinity levels (0, 2, 4, and 6‰) were tested. Both assays were entirely randomized design experiments, lasting for 10 days. At the end of these trials, fish biomass, survival, total length, weight, and specific growth rate were measured. Additionally, water quality, temperature, oxygen, pH, and electric conductivity measurements were made every three days. The curimba larvae diet presented higher survival rate (47.2%) and biomass weight (2.5 g) than the other diets, which were similar among each other. Piabanha-do-Pardo larvae weight, length, and specific growth rate varied with the offered diets. All water salinity treatments showed better results than those observed for fresh water. When cultivated in 2‰ salinization, larvae had 52.5% survival rates and 0.49 g biomass weight, while in the fresh water these results were 6.6% and 0.23 g, respectively. To conclude, we may identify curimba larvae as an adequate diet, and a 2‰ water salinity as recommended if Artemia sp. larvae are fed to piabanha-do-Pardo larvae. Combinações de alimentos e salinidade da água na larvicultura de piabanha-do-Pardo (Brycon vonoi, Lima 2017)Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com larvas de piabanha-do-Pardo Brycon vonoi. No primeiro ensaio, avaliaram-se seis dietas: Artemia sp., plâncton, ração, ração + Artemia sp., ração + plâncton, larvas de Prochilodus hartii (curimba). No segundo, quatro salinidades de água (0, 2, 4 e 6‰), ambos os experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duração de 10 dias. A biomassa, sobrevivência, comprimento total, peso e taxa de crescimento específico foram mensurados ao final dos experimentos; já os parâmetros de qualidade de água, temperatura, oxigênio, pH e condutividade elétrica foram aferidos a cada três dias. O alimento larva de curimba resultou em maior sobrevivên-cia (47,2%) e biomassa (2,5 g) do que os demais tipos, que foram similares entre si. O peso, o comprimento e a taxa de crescimento específico não diferiram entre si para as larvas alimentadas com os diversos tipos de alimento. Todos os tratamentos com salinização apresentaram melhores resultados em relação a água doce sem salinização. No entanto, quando cultivadas sob 2‰ de salinização, as larvas apresentaram 52,5% de sobrevivência e 0,49 g de biomassa, e em água doce sem salinização foram observados apenas 6,6% e 0,23 g, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a utilização de larvas de curimba como dieta é o mais adequado e recomenda-se salinizar a água com 2‰, caso seja fornecida artêmia como alimento.Palavras-chave: Artemia sp.; canibalismo; characiformes; espécie nativa; manejo alimentar; Prochilodus hartii.
In aquaponic systems, the residual water from the cultivation of fish is not enough to meet the nutritional demands of plants. The main objective of this study was to investigate how to adjust a nutritive solution for the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in aquaponics, based on hydroponics. The treatments included six separate crops of lettuce in an aquaponic system, while the hydroponic system served as the control. In each treatment, three blocks were used to quantify the parameters of ‘head’ diameter, number and dry weight of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, and the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the total dry weight of the lettuce plants. The lower nutrient supply led to the occurrence of the lowest total dry weight in the C2 leaf crops when compared to that of the other crops of aquaponics, which had adequate time for system maturation. The system maturation and the use of a balanced solution in the C5 and C6 crops allowed the head diameter of the aquaponics plants to be equal to those of the hydroponics plants. In the aquaponic system, N and Fe were the most limiting macronutrient and micronutrient, respectively. To produce lettuce in an aquaponic system, it is necessary to ‘ripen’ the crop water for at least 30 days, and supplement micronutrients in the form of mineral fertiliser.
The Landscaping in cities provides, continuosly, people with high visual, emotional and physical performance with access to diferente plant morphological architectures, leaves , trunks, flowers, fruits and seeds colors. The shadows caused by the leaves of the trees allows a comfortable atmosphere with the temperature reduction, air humidity increase and environment aromatization of gardens, parks and streets by the volatile compounds emission by leaves, stems and flowers. The combinations of these environmental factors improve the plant, animal and Homo sapiens great development. The plant architectural distribution in high-slope areas minimizes problems such as floods and landslides in urban centers, being an economically viable and sustainable alternative for heritage preservation, the physical structure soil and optimization of water flow. The landscaping of cities is the perfect setting for meeting people, recording videos and photos for personal archives, social media, developing personal and business marketing projects and network.
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