Background: Medication errors are a frequent phenomenon in nursing, as the nurses are primarily responsible for preparation and administration of medications to patients. Little is known about how nurses make sense of their experiences of medication errors as a lived phenomenon.Objective: To aggregate, synthesise and interpret the qualitative evidence of studies which explored nurses' lived experiences of medication errors. Method:A meta-synthesis is presented with thematic analysis by Thomas & Harden (BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 2008, 45). Qualitative studies (January 1980-June 2018) retrieved from PubMed, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library. The PRISMA flow chart, CASP tool and COREQ checklist are integrated in the meta-synthesis. Findings:Eight primary research studies were included with the follow themes: "moral impact," "emotional impact," "constructive learning," "impact on professional registration and employment," "nurses' coping strategies with the experience," "patient and family," "identification of contributing factors to medication errors" and "preventive measures for medication errors." Conclusion:The moral and emotional impact of medication errors to nurses was devastating for themselves. Yet, they detected strategies to cope with their error and its consequences and even more translated their experience into a constructive lesson and identified ways to prevent future errors. Relevance for clinical practice: The meta-synthesis provides a holistic perspective about how registered nurses made sense of their lived experiences of medication errors. Its findings reveal that the experience has both positive impact and negative impact to the nurses. Its findings should inform mainly the clinical nursing practice, clinical nurses, nurse educators, nurse leaders and policymakers of medication administration. K E Y W O R D S interviews, medication errors, nurses' experience, nursing, phenomenology, qualitative methodology, qualitative research, registered nurse, systematic review S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Athanasakis E. A meta-synthesis of how registered nurses make sense of their lived experiences of medication errors. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28:3077-3095. https ://doi.

What was the nature of the CPD activity, practice-related feedback and/or event and/or experience in your practice? The CPD article discussed the purpose of systematic reviews in nursing practice. It outlined the process of undertaking a systematic review, and how this can benefit future research and clinical practice.

Background The investigation of medication errors in nursing includes both methodological and ethical considerations because it is a sensitive field of research. Purpose To present an original research protocol for the investigation of nurses’ experiences of medication errors with interpretative phenomenological analysis and the relevant methodological and ethical considerations. Methods A discursive paper which presents an original research protocol about nurses’ experiences of medication errors with interpretative phenomenological analysis followed by a literature review and personal reflections about the relevant methodological and ethical considerations. The review included papers published in English from 1990 to February 2019 on PubMed, BNI (British Nursing Index), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Allied Health Literature), ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. Results The following methodological considerations were identified: recruitment of participants, data collection, and data analysis, and the ethical considerations included researcher’s morality, ethics committees, sensitivity, phrasing of sentences and words, recruitment of participants, location of interviews, type of interviews, emotionality management, medication error incidents’ management, researcher, or nurse? Conclusion By facing as many as possible methodological and ethical considerations and establishing solutions for them, the study’s validity, reliability, and rigor are enhanced, and the study is ethically robust. Finally, their understanding enables researchers to uncover nurses’ experiences and interpret the meanings they generate in depth.