This study examined neuropsychological functioning in a heterogeneous population of persons who were homeless (N = 60) and compared the value of the Abbreviated Halstead-Reitan Test Battery with the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). A high incidence of neuropsychological dysfunction was evident with 80% of patients showing impaired test battery performance and 35% showing an impaired MMSE. Performance on the Trail Making Test, Part B was especially impaired. Patients impaired on Trails B more often showed impaired test battery performance, suggesting it may be a better screening tool than the MMSE. Neuropsychological performance was not significantly affected by the patients' gender, age, diagnosis, or past psychiatric and medical history. Regression analysis suggested that 29% of the variance in test battery performance was accounted for by the patients' education. Results support previous findings that large numbers of people who are homeless are neuropsychologically impaired; this should be considered when planning treatment and rehabilitation.

Net‐Centric Operations (NCO) is operated on a System‐of‐Systems (SoS) communication environment. Emergent behavior is one of the five SoS characteristics. Layered SoS architectures start from the top SoS‐level containing emergent behavior. Conceptual agent‐based modeling was presented to simulate the four principles of emergence. The simulations covered the condition of emergence, non‐linear behavior and coupling relationship between agents. The four principles are interrelated. The emergent behavior has impacts on traditional systems engineering process. Neural network artificial intelligence may be needed to assist the understanding of emergent behaviors for architectural model development. Agent‐based modeling needs further development and should be integrated with neural network and SysML.

This paper presents a new design for the core of a lightweight tail section of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with camber-morphing horizontal and vertical stabilizers. The core of each stabilizer is composed of an aluminum spar, two active end ribs, and multiple inactive ribs. Each active end rib is composed of a solid leading compartment connected to a flexible corrugated trailing segment. Thermally activated shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators along the length of the corrugated segment are used to control the camber of each active rib. The SMA wires are extended through the hollow spar to increase the amount of actuation and are guided using polycarbonate pulleys. A parametric CAD model was created to automatically regenerate the corrugated trailing segment geometry based on trough height, width and angle, as well as the used NACA airfoil. The locations of the vertical webs are adjusted with each parameter set so that the webs are always at the trough centers for consistency. COMSOL's LiveLink was used to pass the generated CAD geometry to COMSOL, where finite element structural analysis is performed to study the effect of the geometric parameters on the camber deformation under SMA wire actuation and applied loads. The deformed shape of the trailing segment is then approximated as a third-degree polynomial and used to modify the four-digit NACA airfoil equation, generating a deformed shape for the airfoil. 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations are then performed to compute the lift-to-drag ratio for each structural configuration, from which the geometric parameters that maximize the performance of the stabilizer at the design speed can be selected. The proposed UAV SMA-based camber-morphing rear control section has been successfully manufactured and tested. Camber morphing up to 10.7°was successfully achieved and showed very good agreement with the numerical prediction.

This article addresses several longstanding misconceptions concerning Koopman operators, including the existence of lattices of eigenfunctions, common eigenfunctions between Koopman operators, and boundedness and compactness of Koopman operators, among others. Counterexamples are provided for each misconception. This manuscript also proves that the Gaussian RBF's native space only supports bounded Koopman operator corresponding to affine dynamics, which shows that the assumption of boundedness is very limiting. A framework for DMD is presented that requires only densely defined Koopman operators over reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, and the effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through reconstruction examples.