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This study evaluated the impact of actual weather encountered and perceptions of the comfort of the weather on tourist movements in Hong Kong. Data were collected using both questionnaire surveys and Global Positioning System tracking devises. Prior research conducted in nonurban areas suggests that weather has a significant impact on tourist behavior. This study determined that urban tourists are more weather resilient, as neither actual nor perceived weather affected behavior to any great extent. Perceived comfort levels did affect satisfaction for a small minority of visitors.

Highlights• This paper argues that both impacts felt by and attitudes to tourism are a function of place change.• Identifies destinations as consisting of tourism, non-tourism and shared place.• Shows the relationship between place change, attitudes and life cycle stage.• Argues for a rethink of social impact research.• Identifies 9 types of place change that can affect tourism attitudes. AbstractThis paper argues that both impacts felt by and attitudes to tourism are a function of place change. Destinations are comprised of three types of place: tourism, non-tourism and shared. It is believed attitudes are generally positive when stasis exists among the three types, but deteriorate during periods of rapid place change. Likewise, impacts are felt when place changes, especially when non-tourism place is transformed into either shared or tourism place. This proposition is tested through a meta-analysis of more than 90 journal articles examining social impacts of tourism. Nine types of place change were identified as well as a relationship between place change and lifecycle stage.