The harmonic content in electrical power systems is an increasingly worrying issue since the proliferation of nonlinear loads results in power quality problems as the harmonics is more apparent. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of the harmonics in the electrical power systems such as cables, transmission lines, capacitors, transformers, and rotating machines, the induction machine being the object of our study when it is excited to nonsinusoidal operating conditions in the stator winding. For this, a model is proposed for the harmonic analysis of the induction machine in steady-state regimen applying the Fourier transform. The results of the proposed model are validated by experimental tests which gave good results for each case study concluding in a model proper for harmonic and nonharmonic analysis of the induction machine and for "harmonic" analysis in an electrical power system.
Entanglement of quantum systems is a key aspect to understanding the dynamics and behavior of mixed systems (density matrix) as bipartite quantum bits (qubits). Thus we need to have a reliable and accurate way to measure the entanglement degree of the system, i.e., how it evolves, so that raises several approaches to meet these demands. A quantifiable measure widely used is the "entanglement of formation" of a mixed state, defined as the minimum number required of "singlets" to create a set of pure states that represents the density matrix of the system. In this paper we consider a system of two semiconductor quantum dots embedded in its own cavity and coupled to the internal mode field of cavity type Jaynes-Cummings. The entanglement between the two quantum dots is investigated, and we show analytically that entanglement has very interesting, effects such as time evolution including the effect called sudden death.
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