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This paper provides a review and analysis of trends related to demand response (DR). The authors have considered six different topics for the analysis of DR trends: Users, Network Services, Markets, Complementary Programs and Distributed Energy Resources (DER). A brief summary of the consulted articles is included and the behavior of the different DR trend-related topics is shown up to the year 2017 and their projections for 2020. As a result, the characterization of the main DR topics is obtained as well as its current and future trends. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the topic of complementary programs is a trendsetter for current trends and it is expected that there is a future change of focus towards the users and new services.

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this paper is to verify the control of the stiffness that is feasible to achieve in a thin walled box beam made from a laminate by including an adaptive material with variable stiffness. In this work, a material having a strongly varying Young Modulus under minor temperature changes was included in the cross section. An analytical model was used to estimate the position of shear centre and the axial, bending, torsional, and shear stiffnesses of the cross section. Two cross sections were analysed, one with an adaptive wall and another with two adaptive walls. In both sections, the torsional stiffness could be strongly altered with minor temperature variations. In the section with one adaptive wall, the shear centre and thus the bending twist coupling was also strongly modified. A study was made of the influ ence on the control of stiffnesses exerted by the overall cross section thickness and the thickness of the adaptive walls.