Assessing the adulteration of food products and the presence of filth and extraneous materials is one of the measures that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) utilizes in implementing regulatory actions of public health importance. To date, 22 common pest species (also known as the "Dirty 22" species) have been regarded by this agency as the spreaders of foodborne diseases. We have further categorized the Dirty 22 species into four groups: I has four cockroach species, II has two ant species, III has 12 fly species, and IV has four rodent species. The presence of any Dirty 22 species is also considered an indicator of unsanitary conditions in food processing and storage facilities. In this study, we describe the development of a two-step nested PCR protocol to amplify the small subunit ribosomal gene of group I Dirty 22 species that include four cockroach species: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, and Supella longipalpa, along with the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for rapid detection and differentiation of these violative species. This method will be utilized when the specimen cannot be identified with conventional microscopic taxonomic methods, especially when only small body parts are separated and recovered from food samples for analysis or when these body parts are in a decomposed state. This new PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism will provide correct identification of group I Dirty 22 species; this information can then be used in regulation and prevention of foodborne pathogens.
Seventy-seven infant formulas were analyzed for iron. Samples were from three formulation classes: milk-base (17), milk-base plus Fe (29) and soy-base (31). Mean iron levels for the milk-based, milk-based plus Fe and soy-based formulas were 0.4, 2.1 and 2.5 mgllO0 Kcal, respectively. Iron levels ranged from 0.26-4.7 mg/lOO Kcal. All milkbased formulas met minimum requirement of 0.15 mg/lOO Kcal of the 1980 Infant Formula Act. Fe levels of formulas produced by different firms were significantly different (a = 0.05). Mean Fe levels were 193.5%, 116.1%. and 134.1% of declared for milk-based, milkbased plus Fe and soy-based formulas, respectively.
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine chromium and molybdenum in 7 medical foods from 5 manufacturers. Linear standard curves were obtained for both elements for concentrations between 5 and 25 ng/mL. Detection limits were 0.24 ng/mL for Cr and 0.67 ng/mL for Mo. Characteristic masses were 3.1 and 14.7 pg for Cr and Mo, respectively. No difference was detected between wet and dry ashing methods, and dry ashing was used to complete the study. The method was validated by assaying various National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials. Analysis of these products for Cr and Mo were within certified values. One product was evaluated by this method for reproducibility (n = 5). Relative standard deviations were 6.8 and 4.8% for Cr and Mo, respectively. This product contained 0.31 ± 0.02 μg Cr/g and 0.63 ± 0.03 μg Mo/g. The remaining products contained 0.09–1.28 μg Cr/g and 0.07–2.3 μg Mo/g. Mean recovery values were 98 ± 14% (n = 14) for Cr at spike levels of 0.20–1.89 μg/g and 102 ± 24% (n = 10) for Mo at spike levels of 0.30–1.89 μg/g.
Accurate analysis of vitamins is essential to help the public maintain adequate intakes of vitamins. Currently in Atlanta Center for Nutrient Analysis (ACNA), AOAC Method 999.15 with fluorescence detection is utilized for the analysis of vitamin K in infant formulas, dietary supplements and other medical foods. An UHPLC-(+)-APCI-MS/MS method for vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was developed to improve the accuracy, selectivity and eciency of the analysis. SRM1849a and infant formula samples were used to demonstrate that vitamin K1 data by LC-MS/MS analysis matched well with those from the AOAC Method 999.15. A single-laboratory validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for vitamin K1 analysis in SRM1849a showed good accuracy with a mean value of 99.6% of the certified value (n = 8). Recoveries of vitamin K1 at two dierent spike levels were 99.6 and 103.7% from SRM1849a. Mean recovery of vitamin K1 from four dierent infant formula samples was 102.4% ranging from 95.6 to 115.5% with %RSD of 7.8 15.6. Precision, measured as repeatability (%RSDr), was 8.7 for SRM1849a and ranged from 3.7 to 13.4 for four infant formula samples. Application of this method will help ACNA facilitate the accurate analysis of vitamin K in infant formulas and other samples.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v03n02p027 (DOI assigned 8/7/2019)
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