People exhibit an ''illusion of courage'' when predicting their own behavior in embarrassing situations. In three experiments, participants overestimated their own willingness to engage in embarrassing public performances in exchange for money when those performances were psychologically distant: Hypothetical or in the relatively distant future. This illusion of courage occurs partly because of cold/hot empathy gaps. That is, people in a relatively ''cold'' unemotional state underestimate the influence on their own preferences and behaviors of being in a relative ''hot'' emotional state such as social anxiety evoked by an embarrassing situation. Consistent with this cold/hot empathy gap explanation, putting people ''in touch'' with negative emotional states by arousing fear (Experiments 1 and 2) and anger (Experiment 2) decreased people's willingness to engage in psychologically distant embarrassing public performances. Conversely, putting people ''out of touch'' with social anxiety through aerobic exercise, which reduces state anxiety and increases confidence, increased people's willingness to engage in psychologically distance embarrassing public performances (Experiment 3). Implications for self-predictions, self-evaluation, and affective forecasting are discussed.

Photoluminescence lifetime microscope spectrometer based on timecorrelated singlephoton counting with an avalanche diode detector Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 11 (1990); 10.1063/1.1141885Time response of small sideon photomultiplier tubes in timecorrelated singlephoton counting measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 499 (1988);We report the operation of a new type of fluorescence lifetime imaging camera based on the time-correlated single-photon counting ͑TCSPC͒ technique. To the best of our knowledge the application-specific integrated circuit ͑ASIC͒ used in the camera is the first ASIC designed for the field of fluorescence. The ASIC also forms the basis for the first read-out system for single-photon timing array detectors and is capable of multiplexing and routing counts from up to sixteen detection channels, while preserving their timing characteristics with picosecond resolution. In conjunction with an array detector such as a multianode MCP-PM this ASIC allows multiple fluorescence decays to be routinely and simultaneously acquired using a single set of TCSPC timing electronics. To demonstrate one practical application of this technology, we have observed for the first time the spatial distribution of fluorescence lifetime contours through a strongly self-absorbing sample, and the effects observed demonstrate how differences in optical geometry can contribute to the lack of consistency between results obtained in different laboratories.

Media coverage of the Charlie Hebdo crisis was striking for its triangulation of locations which are emblematic of contemporary France. From the banlieue where the attackers grew up, to the public spaces in central Paris where French national values were reasserted, space and its representation emerged as key perspectives from which to consider the events and what they reveal about the current state of the country. This article examines the spatial dynamics of the crisis, its visual representation, and their role in the framing and consumption of the events. It discusses the work of photographer John Perivolaris, who was present in Paris in the week following the crisis during a visit planned before the attacks. His images record how popular reaction was inscribed in public space, how memories of previous moments of resistance were re-enacted, and how shifting forms of protest are indicative of broader pressures at work in contemporary France.

No abstract