Cyber physical security research for smart grid is currently one of the nation's top R&D priorities. The existing vulnerabilities in the legacy grid infrastructure make it particularly susceptible to countless cyberattacks. There is a growing emphasis towards building interconnected, sophisticated federated testbeds to perform realistic experiments by allowing the integration of geographically-dispersed resources in the dynamic cyber-physical environment. In this paper, we present a cyber (network) based federation testbed to validate the performance of an anomaly detector in context of a Wide Area Protection (WAP) security. Specifically, we have utilized the resources available at the Iowa State University Power Cyber (ISU PCL) Laboratory to emulate the substation and local center networks; and the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL); to emulate the regional control center network. Initially, we describe a hardware-in-the loop based experimental setup for implementing data integrity attacks on an IEEE 39 bus system. We then perform network packet analysis focusing on latency and bandwidth as well as evaluate the performance of a decision tree based anomaly detector in measuring its ability to identify different attacks. Our experimental results reveal the computed wide area network latency; bandwidth requirement for minimum packet loss; and successful performance of the anomaly detector. Our studies also highlight the conceptual architecture necessary for developing the federated testbed, inspired by the NASPI network.
A survey of metho& for determining synchronous machine equivalent electrical circuit parameters is presented. These equivalent circuits are the basis for computer analysis and simulation. Circuit parameters developed for rotary synchronous machine Similar linear synchronous machine (Lw parameters are not as well developed. This paper suggests methods for obtaining machine parameters appropriate to LSM modeling. modeling are in wide use.
1: IntroductionIt is usefbl to develop mathematical models of electromagnetic (EM) machines to explain their electric, magnetic, and mechanical behavior. Parameters for these models are evaluated by direct measurement, derivation from test results, analysis, estimation, or a combination of these. There has been a wealth of experience with rotary synchronous EM machine (RSM) parameters. Although well documented, the methods from which these RSM parameters are derived are not so well known.Experience with linear synchronous EM machine (LSM) parameters is not nearly so extensive. This paper reviews methods used to obtain RSM parameters to suggest means for procuring LSM parameters.
2: RSM parametersFor RSM's, it has been generally accepted to use circuit models based on Park's transformation [l]. Usually RSM's have three phase ac stator windings, a rotor dc field winding, and several rotor damper or amortisseur windings. Higher order models have more windings; reduced order models eliminate windings. Reduced order models are adequate for steady state 0-8186-5320-5/94 $03.00 0 1994 IEEE 411 analysis. inductive reactances (X = oL).Circuit windings are often expressed as Park's equations transform the stator three phase quantities into a new reference frame which moves with the rotor. The new variables are expressed in terms of direct and quadrature axes quantities. Classical machine theory uses this two-axis transformation to derive the equivalent circuits and corresponding parameters.
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