An absolute calibration technique is developed for geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. An uncertainty budget for the system (receiver, cables, connectors, antenna) is evaluated, yielding 1.1 ns at each frequency, and 1.6 ns for a two-receiver experiment. Analysis of data on a short baseline yields 0.8 and 1.2 ns agreement on P 1 and P 2, respectively.

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We report a two-detector measurement of the propagation speed of neutrinos over a baseline of 734 km. The measurement was made with the NuMI beam at Fermilab between the near and far MINOS detectors. The fractional difference between the neutrino speed and the speed of light is determined to be (v/c − 1) = (1.0 ± 1.1) × 10 −6 , consistent with relativistic neutrinos.

-Precise timing is an inherent part of Global Navigation

Bachelor's degree in Physics from Wabash College and a Master's degree in Computer Science from The University of Texas at Austin. Mr. Renfro has been involved in development of systems for collecting and processing GPS data since 1979.