(1) Incomplete resection of viable NTGCT after primary or salvage chemotherapy portends a very poor prognosis. (2) For patients with complete resection of viable NTGCT following primary chemotherapy, two additional courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy appear to be safe and effective therapy for reducing the risk of relapse. (3) Additional standard-dose chemotherapy appears to offer no benefit to patients with viable NTGCT in the resected specimen after salvage chemotherapy.

Weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine is an active regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced TCC. However, because of the high incidence of pulmonary toxicity associated with this schedule of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we recommend against the use of this regimen in this patient population.

Serum proteomic analysis may represent an early response predictor in multimodal treatment regimens of rectal cancer. These data suggest that this novel, minimally invasive modality may be a useful adjunct in the multimodal management of rectal cancer, and in the design of future clinical trials.