Enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilisers may play an important role in phosphorus (P) availability in tropical soils by increasing their concentration in solution and enhancing the diffusive flux of P (DFP). This work evaluated the DFP in soil influenced by polymer-coated phosphate fertilisers and organophosphates (enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilisers) applied to soil, at two matric potentials. The experiment was conducted using a 4 × 2 × 4 + 2 factorial design in which four phosphate fertilisers (conventional monoammonium phosphate (MAP), polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (POL), pelletised monoammonium phosphate with filter cake (FC) and granulated monoammonium phosphate with swine compost (SC)), two soil water contents corresponding to two matric potentials (–10 and –50 kPa), four anion exchange resin insertion distances (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm from the phosphate fertiliser granules) and two control treatments (matric potential of –10 and –50 kPa without fertiliser) were studied across four replicates. Enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilisers increased the release of P into the soil solution. The values of DFP (nmol m–2 15 days–1) for MAP were in the range of 0.18–48.69, for POL were 0.19–32.20, for FC were 0.17–19.74 and for SC were 0.17–18.50. For –10 and –50 kPa matric potentials, the values ranged within 0.18–43.07 and 0.17–48.69 nmol m–2 15 days–1 respectively. In relation to the distances 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm, DFP (nmol m–2 15 days–1) ranged within 17.56–48.69, 0.42–11.39, 0.22–0.57 and 0.17–0.22 respectively. The decrease in the soil water matric potential decreased DFP in the short term for fertilisers with coating technologies compared to MAP. This result indicates that coating technologies hold promise for maintaining DFP over time.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence on P availability of the application of polymer-coated phosphate and organophosphate fertilizers to the soil under different soil water matric potentials and contact times. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated four times, with treatments distributed in a split-plot arrangement. The main plot comprised four phosphate fertilizers (conventional mono-ammonium phosphate, MAP; polymer-coated mono-ammonium phosphate, POL; pelletized mono-ammonium phosphate with filter cake, FC; and granulated mono-ammonium phosphate with swine compost, SC) and two soil water contents corresponding to two matric potentials (-10 and-50 kPa). The subplot comprised six contact times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 14 days after fertilizer addition). P content was determined after extraction with Mehlich-1 or water. The highest available P contents in soil were obtained using MAP (1474.3 mg dm-3) followed by POL (1355.7 mg dm-3), FC (1235.5 mg dm-3) and SC (804.2 mg dm-3). The available P contents during the 14 days of the experiment relative to the control (MAP) values ranged from 88.5 to 95.4% for POL, 83.2 to 84.4% for FC and 54.9 to 54.2% for SC. These results evidenced the effects of the organic coating applied to the phosphate fertilizer on fertilizer solubility and the short-term release of P. A decrease in the soil water matric potential decreased P availability in the short term for fertilizers with coating technologies, especially for SC compared to MAP. This result indicates that organic coating technologies may hold promise for maintaining P availability over time.
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