Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. Abstract: This paper deals with the relation between lethal violence and inequality under two approaches. The first one is the inequality in the risk of becoming a victim of homicide among various kinds of people. In this sense, the profile of victims of lethal violence in Brazil is very clear: young black males. The second approach concerns the relation between income inequality and homicide rates. This relation depends on the unit of analysis. Data analysed here, using a multivariate model to estimate factors associated to municipal homicide rates, reveal that it is the average income of the poorest sections of the population rather than income inequality that is directly related to lethal violence. These results contradict those obtained in the literature when countries are compared to each other, which underlines the importance of the choice of unit of analysis.

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Resumo O estudo procurou observar o que ocorre com cotidianos escolares quando há uma abrupta redução da violência no entorno das escolas, supostamente promovida pela instalação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP), política de segurança pública iniciada no final de 2008. Foi testado o efeito das UPPs sobre o número médio de dias de aula perdidos especificamente por conta da violência no entorno da escola, uma medida direta da influência da violência armada sobre as rotinas diárias das comunidades escolares. Registrou-se uma redução nas interrupções das aulas decorrentes da violência. Novos estudos deverão avaliar possíveis efeitos de médio e longo prazo das UPPs, bem como os efeitos de sua queda e das políticas subsequentes de intensificação dos enfrentamentos armados.

Objective The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus, correlating it with urological pathologies, imaging exams and surgeries of the female pelvis, especially for treatment of endometriosis. Material and Methods We carried out a review about the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis. We analyzed papers published in the past 20 years in the databases of Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials, and opinions of specialists. We also studied two human fixed female corpses and microsurgical dissection material with a stereoscopic magnifying glass with 2.5x magnification. Results Classical anatomical studies provide few details of the morphology of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) or the location and nature of the associated nerves. The fusion of pelvic splanchnic nerves, sacral splanchnic nerves, and superior hypogastric plexus together with visceral afferent fibers form the IHP. The surgeon’s precise knowledge of the anatomical relationship between the hypogastric nerve and the uterosacral ligament is essential to reduce the risk of complications and postoperative morbidity of patients surgically treated for deep infiltrative endometriosis involving the uterosacral ligament. Conclusion Accurate knowledge of the innervation of the female pelvis is of fundamental importance for prevention of possible injuries and voiding dysfunctions as well as the evacuation mechanism in the postoperative period. Imaging exams such as nuclear magnetic resonance are interesting tools for more accurate visualization of the distribution of the hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis.