Background: This scoping review aimed to identify the available evidence related to physical activity (PA) and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A search in 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) was conducted on July 23, 2020. Medical subject headings and keywords related to PA and COVID-19 were combined to conduct the online search, which covered the period from January to July 2020. Results: Overall, 1784 articles were retrieved. After duplicate removal and title, abstract, and full-text screening, 41 articles were included. Most of the included studies were quantitative and collected data through online interviews/questionnaires, with sample sizes larger than 100 and composed by adults and older adults. Changes in PA levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic were the most assessed outcome, followed by the association between mental health issues and PA. Only 2 studies assessed the direct effects of PA on COVID-19. Conclusion: Most of the evidence identified a decrease in PA levels due to social distancing measures and that PA might help to decrease the mental health burden related to the COVID-19 outbreak.

BackgroundLow back pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions and the highest contributor to disability in the world. It is characterized by frequent relapses leading to additional care-seeking. Engagement in leisure physical activity is associated with lower recurrences and better prognosis and potentially reduced care-seeking. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a patient-centred physical activity intervention, supported by health coaching and mobile health, to reduce care-seeking, pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain after treatment discharge.MethodsWe conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Sixty-eight participants were recruited from four public outpatient physiotherapy departments and the general community in Sydney. The intervention group received a physical activity information booklet, plus one face-to-face and 12 telephone-based health coaching sessions. The intervention was supported by an internet-based application and an activity tracker (Fitbit). Control group (standard care) received the physical activity information booklet and advice to stay active. Feasibility measures included recruitment rate, intervention compliance, data completeness, and participant satisfaction. Primary outcomes were care-seeking, pain levels and activity limitation. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-month follow-up and weekly for 6 months.ResultsNinety potential participants were invited over 15 months, with 68 agreeing to take part (75%). Overall, 903 weekly questionnaires were answered by participants from a total of 1107 sent (89%). Participants were largely satisfied with the intervention (mean = 8.7 out of 10 on satisfaction scale). Intervention group participants had a 38% reduced rate of care-seeking (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.18, p = 0.14, using multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis) compared to standard care, although none of the estimates was statistically significant. No between groups differences were found for pain levels or activity limitation.ConclusionThe health coaching physical activity approach trialed here is feasible and well accepted by participants and may reduce care-seeking in patients with low back pain after treatment discharge, although further evaluation with an adequately powered trial is needed.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Trial Registry ACTRN12615000189527. Registered prospectively on 26–02–2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2454-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objectives We aimed to compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms before and during the pandemic and identify factors associated with aggravated mental health symptoms. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We identified the proportion of normal, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of depression and anxiety before and during the social distancing restrictions in adults from southern Brazil. An online, self-administered questionnaire was delivered for residents within the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Most of the participants (n = 2314) aged between 31 and 59 years (54.2%), were women (76.6%), White (90.6%) with a university degree (66.6%). Moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and anxiety were reported in 3.9% and 4.5% of participants, respectively, before COVID-19. During the pandemic (June–July, 2020), these proportions increased to 29.1% (6.6-fold increase) and 37.8% (7.4-fold increase), respectively. Higher rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed among women, those aged 18–30 years, diagnosed with chronic disease and participants who had their income negatively affected by social restrictions. Remaining active or becoming physically active during social distancing restrictions reduced the probability of aggravated mental health disorders. Conclusions Depressive and anxiety symptoms had a 6.6- and 7.4-fold increase since the COVID-19 pandemic. Public policies such as physical activity promotion and strategies to reduce the economic strain caused by this pandemic are urgently needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on mental health.

Objectives To identify and evaluate the effect of interventions that used cell phones as a means to promote physical activity (PA). Methods The databases searched were MedLine/PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Lilacs, and SciELO. After removing duplicates, applying exclusion criteria, and checking the reference lists, 45 studies were reviewed. The Downs and Black (D&B) scale measured methodological quality, and a random effect model was used to compute the meta-analysis of PA by the reported unit (minutes per day or steps per day), delivery agent (application (APP), SMS, or other), and PA measurement (questionnaire, accelerometer, pedometer). Results Mobile phone-based PA interventions were efficient in increasing both minutes [10.49;); p = 0.004] and steps per day [735.17; CI (227.72-1242.61); p = 0.005] in adults when compared to baseline. Furthermore, APP-based interventions were able to increase the number of steps (p = 0.04) and minutes per day of PA (p = 0.04) in adults. Also, 85% of included manuscripts were classified as moderate-to high-quality articles. Conclusions Mobile phone-based PA interventions, inclusive those delivery by APP, were effective to increase minutes and steps per day in adults.

O objetivo foi descrever o conhecimento de programas públicos de atividade física, a prática de atividade física em programas públicos e as barreiras relacionadas à não participação nestes programas de uma amostra representativa nacional, segundo o sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda, Unidades da Federação (UF) e ter sido visitado por uma equipe de saúde da família (EqSF) no último ano. Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. As análises foram de cunho descritivo, usando-se a distribuição de frequências relativas e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança, ponderadas para o desenho amostral. Foram inclusos 60.202 indivíduos. A prevalência de conhecimento foi de 20% e, destes, 9,7% relataram prática de atividades nos programas públicos. As barreiras mais relatadas foram falta de tempo (41,4%) e não ter interesse pelas atividades oferecidas (29,7%). Mulheres possuem maior conhecimento quando comparadas aos homens, porém a prática é similar entre os sexos. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram maiores nas categorias de idades mais avançadas. O conhecimento aumentou conforme a renda, mas os mais pobres participam mais dos programas públicos de atividade física em comparação às demais categorias de renda. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram similares entre quem recebeu ou não uma visita de EqSF. As prevalências de conhecimento e prática de atividade física em programas públicos são pouco expressivas, sendo que quase 30% dos indivíduos não se interessam pelos programas vigentes. Esforços loco-regionais são necessários para que a atividade física possa se estabelecer como ferramenta de promoção de saúde.

The objective was to identify the impact of social distance in the management of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. This is an ambispective, population-based cohort study. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression models were used and the results were reported as prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals. From a total of 1,288 participants, 43.1% needed medical care and 28.5% reported impaired management of NCDs during social distance. Female sex, age between 18 and 30 years old, living in the Serra region (central region of the state), people with depression and multimorbidity were more likely to have impaired management of NCDs. Being physically active reduced the probability of having impaired management of NCD by 15%. Reduced monthly income was associated with the difficulty in accessing prescription medicine and avoidance of seeking in-person medical assistance. Depression was associated with difficulties in accessing medications, while avoidance of seeking in-person medical assistance was more likely for people with multimorbidity, arthritis/arthrosis/fibromyalgia, heart disease, and high cholesterol.

Equidade no acesso ao rastreamento mamográfico do câncer de mama com intervenção de mamógrafo móvel no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Equity in access to breast cancer screening in a mobile mammography program in southern Rio Grande do Sul State, BrazilEquidad en el acceso a la detección por mamografía del cáncer de mama con el uso del mamógrafo móvil en el sur del Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

RESUMOObjetivo: O presente estudo analisou o nível de insatisfação corporal em mulheres frequentadoras de academias na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, avaliando como a insatisfação se distribuiu e quais seus fatores associados. Métodos: Nas 26 academias sorteadas aleatoriamente foram entrevistadas 257 mulheres entre setembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. As participantes responderam a um questionário incluindo o desfecho insatisfação corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire -BSQ-34), qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e características comportamentais, socioeconômicas e demográficas. Resultados: Do total de mulheres entrevistadas, 21,4% (IC95% 16,5 -26,9) apresentaram algum tipo de insatisfação corporal (escore maior ou igual a 110 pontos). O valor médio do escore BSQ foi de 85,6 (DP ±27,4). Ao todo, 67,3% das mulheres afirmaram que o principal motivo que as levou a praticar exercícios foi a estética, e 63,8% tinham a intenção de fazer cirurgia plástica. Após a análise bivariada foi realizada análise multivariável por regressão linear. Permaneceram associadas ao desfecho as variáveis: praticar exercícios por motivos estéticos (p = 0,005); índice de massa corporal (p < 0,001); autopercepção de saúde (p = 0,002); intenção de fazer cirurgia plástica (p = 0,005); e WHOQOL-Bref (p < 0,001). Conclusões: Por fim, apesar de a prevalência de insatisfação corporal do presente estudo não ter apresentado valores alarmantes (21,4%), possivelmente devido à rigorosidade do instrumento utilizado, ainda é um tema atual e de crescente interesse de pesquisa. Estudos complementares se fazem necessários para melhor compreender a autopercepção da imagem corporal, especialmente entre mulheres. ABSTRACTObjective: This study examined the level of body dissatisfaction in women denizens of gyms in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, evaluating how dissatisfaction was distributed and what its associated factors. Methods: In the 26 academies randomly selected 257 women were interviewed between September 2014 to January 2015. The participants answered a questionnaire including body dissatisfaction outcome (Body Shape Questionnaire -BSQ-34), quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref) and behavioral characteristics, socioeconomic and demographic. Results: Of all the women interviewed, 21.4% (95% CI 16.5 to 26.9) had some type of body dissatisfaction (scores greater than or equal to 110 points). The average value of BSQ score was 85.6 (SD ±27.4). In all, 67.3% of women said that the main reason which led them to practice exercises was aesthetics, and 63.8% had intended to do plastic surgery. After bivariate analysis was performed multivariate linear regression analysis. They remained asso-