The objectives of this work were to assess the mtDNA diversity of Bolivian South American camelid (SAC) populations and to shed light on the evolutionary relationships between the Bolivian camelids and other populations of SACs. We have analysed two different mtDNA regions: the complete coding region of the MT-CYB gene and 513 bp of the D-loop region. The populations sampled included Bolivian llamas, alpacas and vicunas, and Chilean guanacos. High levels of genetic diversity were observed in the studied populations. In general, MT-CYB was more variable than D-loop. On a species level, the vicunas showed the lowest genetic variability, followed by the guanacos, alpacas and llamas. Phylogenetic analyses performed by including additional available mtDNA sequences from the studied species confirmed the existence of the two monophyletic clades previously described by other authors for guanacos (G) and vicunas (V). Significant levels of mtDNA hybridization were found in the domestic species. Our sequence analyses revealed significant sequence divergence within clade G, and some of the Bolivian llamas grouped with the majority of the southern guanacos. This finding supports the existence of more than the one llama domestication centre in South America previously suggested on the basis of archaeozoological evidence. Additionally, analysis of D-loop sequences revealed two new matrilineal lineages that are distinct from the previously reported G and V clades. The results presented here represent the first report on the population structure and genetic variability of Bolivian camelids and may help to elucidate the complex and dynamic domestication process of SAC populations.

SUMMARY: Most Chilean sheep stock comprises different degrees of crossbreeding over Corriedale breed. A common absorbent crossbreeding has been Australian Merino over Corriedale which, in many cases, has not been complete. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of morphology differentiation and structural functionality of Corriedale ewes undergoing incomplete absorbent crossbreeding which was carried out in order to create an animal with a new morphology. A total of four hundred adult ewes were measured; two hundred belonging to the incomplete crossbreeding, and two hundred from the two original breeds (one hundred Corriedale and one hundred Australian Merino ewes). All measured ewes were randomly selected. Fourteen body measurements were recorded and nine body indexes were calculated for each ewe. Results show that a new biotype has been created from the absorbent crossbreeding of Corriedale by Australian Merino, which produced ewes with a clear morphological and structural functionality differentiation as compared to the two original breeds. The new body format shows morphostructural variability coefficients that are similar to those found on other formally recognized sheep breeds.

SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and harmony of the morphostructural format of the Marin Magellan Meat Merino breed in order to contribute to knowledge about the differentiation of sheep populations. In summer 2010, evaluation on a sheep population coming from an incomplete absorbent crossbreeding of Corriedale by Australian Merino breeds was done in Magallanes Region, Chile. All three and five year-old ewes (62 and 50, respectively) were measured. Fourteen body measurements were taken and nine body indexes were calculated. Results show that the evaluated sheep population does not show significant intergenerational differences in most of the morphostructural variables. At the same time, there is a high between-age similarity in the correlations between zoometric indexes. Therefore, it can be stated that the morphostructural model of Marin Magellan Meat Merino ewes shows a high degree of stability and harmony. INTRODUCCIÓNThe census of Chilean sheep livestock indicates that there is about two and a half million head of sheep. Most of this animal stock corresponds to Corriedale breed, which hold a marked aptitude to the production of medium-fineness wool. Value addition to production has led many producers to a crossbreeding process with Merino breed, in order to produce a finer wool withhigher commercial value (Bianchi et al., 2006;Cardellino & Müeller, 2008). One of the most widespread crossbreedings has been the absorption of Corriedale by Australian Merino, process that, in many cases, has not been complete, leading to the appearance of animal populations which differ from the breeds on which the crossbreeding was based, and favoring the appearance of a new genetic resource. In this regard, the characterization of the morphological attributes is the first step for the management of a genetic resource (Azor et al., 2008;Traoré et al., 2008;Duchev & Groeneveld, 2006;Salako, 2006). By characterizing the animal population resulting from the incomplete absorbent crossbreeding of Corriedale by Australian Merino, it was evidenced a significant morphostructural differentiation in relation to the breeds that originated the crossbreeding, with a high degree of homogeneity within the population itself (Latorre et al., 2011); this allowed the official registration of a new breed, the Marin Magellan Meat Merino, and the opening of the respective genealogical register (Sánchez et al., 2011).The definition of a breed clearly involves the differentiation of this new population from others, and at the same time, a delimited variability among the members of the population itself (Sierra, 2001;Herrera & Luque, 2009). Nevertheless, when the new breed is the result of a crossbreeding process, is essential to determine if the morphostructural format keep its characteristics from one generation to the next, as it depends that the characteristic attributes of the population are sustained over time (Herrera et al., 1996;Legaz et al., 2011).Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and h...

El texto que sigue recoge la propuesta sobre el tema de la dominicanización de la zafra azucarera. La propuesta fue hecha al presidente de entonces (Salvador Jorge Blanco) fue hecha por los académicos: Eduardo Latorre, Victor Manuel Baez, Enmanuel Castillo, Domingo A. Rodriguez Creus y Zoilo Nuñez Salcedo.

COMUNICACIONES EL DESARROLLO POLITICO DOMINICANO EDUARDO LATORREMe siento muy honrado de tener la oportunidad de participar en este Encuentro Jayceers f2 sobrerrEl Joven y la Política"; primero, porgue es un esfuerzo dirígido a elevar los conocímientos sobre las responsabilidades pú blicasde los cíudadanos, que es, a fin de cuentas, lo que determina la cali dad de una democracia; y segundo, porque me permite expresar algunas ideaT personales sobre el desarrol lo político dominicano, a un auditorío no sólo muy selecto y distinguido, sino también a un grupo de jóvenes llamadca desempeñar un papel polítíco de gran importancia en nuestro país.La idea del desarrollo político es vieja y nueva. Por ejemplo, todos sabemos que el Maestro Platón escribíórrLa República", obra mediante la cr¡l el genío griego describía las condiciones ideales para la vida po'lÍtica, es decir, para la vÍda en sociedad, en las antiguas ciudades-estados de hace veintitrés siglos. Lo bueno, pensaba é1, podÍa conocerse objetivamente; el problema estaba en estudiarlo para conocerlo, describir'lo y difundirlo para que el hombre se ajustara a ello y, en consecuencia, el ilbuenil estado producÍrla bienestar y felicídad para los míembros y participantes de esa sociedad.Una manera de concebir el desarrollo oolítico es como el camino hacia condiciones de vida en sociedad que en una época dada se consideren deseables. EI bienestar, la felicidad, la justicia, la paz, son aspiracíones de la humanidad a las que tiene pldno derecho, y es a través de los procesos e instituciones políticas que se fomentan y establecen en las diferentes sociedades.Aparentemente sencil lo, nada de esto lo es. Por ejemplo: icómo se hace justicia?En épocas del Rey Salomón el gobernante personalmente participaba como juez en las disputas civi les o criminales y su decisión era f inal :En nuuLtto¿ diaa Lúin inconc¿bíble quQ-uyrs (.r,gu"La u¿ncialnev,te poli.ticaa.dnLni'stnau ju.tticia-; poll uo henrt,s di.teñado todo un s istema judicialr supuestamente apolítico, para hacer justícia con la parti cipación de profesionales ' del Derecho en varías instancias y con grandes códigos legales para que naya mayores garantías, Definitivamentees lrÉs Conferencía presentada en el'rEncuentro de Jóvenes Sobresal ientes" de JayceestJ2, cuyo tema es I'El Joven y la Política, celebrado en el Auditorío de la Asociación de Industrias de la República Dominicana, el l0-Dic.-1981. 9r

A continuación se presentan las palabras de Eduardo Latorre con motivo de la clausura del Simposio Inter-universitario de Servicio Civil. El evento fue auspiciado por la Universidad  Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU), República Dominicana.

La democracia queda justificada moral y políticamente y también por ser el régimen de más conveniencia. Sus condiciones son: libertad, soberanía popular e igualdad Se repasan los gobiernos de varios países que son excepciones totales o parciales al concepto de democracia: Cuba, Haití Se señalan los avances democráticos en la República Dominicana y en las naciones del CARICOM.

Este texto del Dr. Eduardo Latorre abarca los procesos de desarrollo y consolidacion de la democracia en la Republica Dominicana, un paso para poder superar el sistema caudillista esta en la modernizacion de los actores politicos. Si los partidos politicos responden a una organizacion interna caudillista, donde no hay participacion real, si seleccion democratica de los lideres, dificilmente cuando sus candidatos ganan puestos electivos en el Estado, su comportamiento va a ser diiferente a la experiencia habitual. Por tanto la democracia y el desarrollo van juntos de la mano, pues se aspira a una sociedad en que cada individuo este en condiciones de poder alcanzar su potencial, libre de obstaculos politicos, economicos y sociales que se lo impidan, y donde sean las mayorias, como autentica voz del puueblo, las que determinen el camino a seguir y a que velocidad.