Analysis of mitochondrial <scp>DNA</scp> in <scp>B</scp>olivian llama, alpaca and vicuna populations: a contribution to the phylogeny of the <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>A</scp>merican camelids

Barreta, Julia; Gutiérrez-Gil, Beatriz; Iñiguez, Volga; Saavedra, Vladimir; Chiri, R.; Latorre, Eduardo; Arranz, J. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02376.x

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(Lama pacos). Guanaco, llama, and alpaca likely cannot be differentiated using the COI barcode region due to a history of interbreeding and domestication (Barreta et al, 2013). Real-time PCR results confirmed the presence of beef in the sample, with no additional species detected.…”

Section: Mixed-species Samplessupporting

confidence: 58%

Identification of species in ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market using DNA-based methods

2016

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a b s t r a c tThe objective of this study was to test a variety of ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market for the presence of potential mislabeling. Forty-eight ground meat samples were purchased from online and retail sources, including both supermarkets and specialty meat retailers. DNA was extracted from each sample in duplicate and tested using DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The resulting sequences were identified at the species level using the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Any samples that failed DNA barcoding went through repeat extraction and sequencing, and due to the possibility of a species mixture, they were tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting beef, chicken, lamb, turkey, pork and horse. Of the 48 samples analyzed in this study, 38 were labeled correctly and 10 were found to be mislabeled. Nine of the mislabeled samples were found to contain additional meat species based on real-time PCR, and one sample was mislabeled in its entirety. Interestingly, meat samples ordered from online specialty meat distributors had a higher rate of being mislabeled (35%) compared to samples purchased from a local butcher (18%) and samples purchased at local supermarkets (5.8%). Horsemeat, which is illegal to sell on the U.S. commercial market, was detected in two of the samples acquired from online specialty meat distributors. Overall, the mislabeling detected in this study appears to be due to either intentional mixing of lower-cost meat species into higher cost products or unintentional mixing of meat species due to cross-contamination during processing.

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Section: Mixed-species Samplessupporting

confidence: 58%

Identification of species in ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market using DNA-based methods

2016

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“…Identification of multiple species for these products is a result of the domestication of guanaco and vicuňa to produce llama and alpaca, respectively (Barreta et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mislabeled Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding reveals mislabeling of game meat species on the U.S. commercial market

2016

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Game meats represent a valuable specialty market in the United States that has high economic incentives associated with mislabeling. However, there is limited information on this topic. The purpose of this study was to conduct a market survey of game meats sold within the United States and identify instances of mislabeling using DNA barcoding. Products were also examined for the presence of threatened or endangered species. Fiftyfour samples of whole-cut game meats were collected from online distributors in the United States and sequenced across a 658 base-pair region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The resulting DNA sequences were identified based on top species matches in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank. The results showed that 18.5% of samples were potentially mislabeled and 9.3% of samples legally contained a near-threatened or vulnerable species and were correctly labeled. The samples appeared to have been mislabeled due to reasons such as economic gain and product mishandling. However, cross-species hybridization could also have contributed to the potential mislabeling of bison and yak products. Although near threatened (bison) and vulnerable (lion) species were identified, the products were correctly labeled and legally sold, as bison populations are managed and the identified lion species is not protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Overall, the results of this study revealed the occurrence of game meat mislabeling in the United States and suggest the need for further evaluation of this practice.

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“…Recent mtDNA-based research documents early divergences within the guanaco clade, interpreted as evidence for multiple centers of llama domestication (42). However, the nature of connections among early herders is not well known and these genetic and morphological patterns could, once again, simply reflect recurrent recruitment of individuals from diverse wild populations.…”

Section: Management and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the roles of directed breeding and gene flow in animal domestication

Marshall

Dobney

Denham

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

117

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For the last 150 y scholars have focused upon the roles of intentional breeding and genetic isolation as fundamental to understanding the process of animal domestication. This analysis of ethnoarchaeological, archaeological, and genetic data suggests that long-term gene flow between wild and domestic stocks was much more common than previously assumed, and that selective breeding of females was largely absent during the early phases of animal domestication. These findings challenge assumptions about severe genetic bottlenecks during domestication, expectations regarding monophyletic origins, and interpretations of multiple domestications. The findings also raise new questions regarding ways in which behavioral and phenotypic domestication traits were developed and maintained.reproductive isolation | selected breeding | zooarchaeology | donkey | pig Domestication resulted in diverse phenotypic and behavioral changes to wild animals, including decreased flight responses, increased sociality, earlier reproduction, and modification of endocrine and metabolic systems (1-4). Darwin's (5) seminal research, heavily influenced by European animal breeding practices during the 19th century, led subsequent scholars studying animal domestication to prioritize the central roles of human intentionality, directed or controlled breeding of individuals, and genetic isolation of captive herds from wild relatives (6). This anthropocentric legacy is evident in various widely used definitions of domestication that emphasize isolation of captive animals from wild species and total human control over breeding and animal care (6-8). However, a growing body of archaeological, genetic, and ethnohistorical evidence discussed here shows that neither reproductive isolation nor intentional breeding of individuals was as significant as traditionally thought. Our findings indicate long-term gene flow between managed and wild animal populations, and little control of breeding of domestic females. These findings challenge assumptions about severe genetic bottlenecks during domestication and interpretations of genetic variability in terms of multiple instances of domestication. The findings also raise questions about ways in which behavioral and phenotypic domestication traits were maintained.Research into dog and pig domestication over the last several decades has drawn attention to the roles of nonhuman drivers in the domestication process (9, 10)

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Analysis of mitochondrial DNA in Bolivian llama, alpaca and vicuna populations: a contribution to the phylogeny of the South American camelids

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of species in ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market using DNA-based methods

Identification of species in ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market using DNA-based methods

DNA barcoding reveals mislabeling of game meat species on the U.S. commercial market

Evaluating the roles of directed breeding and gene flow in animal domestication

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