The values shown in this paper would provide non-existing information for basic anatomy, and would contribute either to the study of pathologies involving the peritoneum or to their diagnosis and therapies.

Thirty-two female (mean age=52.9 years [SD=9.2]) patients with a diagnosis of residual schizophrenia and 19 female (mean age=51.1 years [SD=12.7]) control subjects were studied through cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Along the entire surface of the septum pellucidum, 1-mm coronal slices were performed in all subjects. The authors classified the cavum septum pellucidum into three types based on embryological development. The prevalence of a cavum was significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia (Chi square 6.112. p < 0.05). No other significant associations with previously described morphological brain changes were found. Although this result was found in previous reports (DeGreef et al., 1992; DeLisi et al., 1993), our discussion focused on the neurodevelopmental theory of the septum pellucidum and its possible association with schizophrenia.

No abstract

The method of Aghajanian and Bloom (1967) was applied to the visual cortex of normal and neonatally visually deprived rats. The rats were kept with their mothers in total darkness since birth, in a ventilated and temperature-controlled animal quarter. Controls were rats from the same stock, maintained in a regular 12-h-light/12-h-dark rhythm. The animals were killed at 15, 23, 40, and 65 days of age, and the visual cortices fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed for electron micrography with ethanol-phosphotungstic acid. A total of 6249 synaptic profiles were counted and their numerical density (DS) determined in both conditions. Features of the presynaptic grid were used for classifying the synaptic profiles in: type A [with one presynaptic dense projection (PsDP)]; type B (with two or three PsDPS); and type C (with four or more PsDPS). In the visually deprived rats the DS increases with a rate similar to controls, but the values for each age are slightly lower (P less than 0.01). Type B synapses predominate in the visually deprived group while types A and C are scarcer. The differences found between types were maximal at 65 days of age and the results were highly significant (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that major effects of dark-rearing are manifested when the individual features of the presynaptic grid are considered. It seems that a selected population of synapses is affected by the alteration of the normal epigenetic influence of early visual experience.

ANTECEDENTSShermanl mentions a secondary type of varicose veins in the anterolateral area of the legs. Myers2~ 3 mentions that besides the great saphenous vein there is another venous system running along the thigh and leg. It is closely related to the great saphenous system. Luke4 mentions that stripping is not useful for certain superficial tortuous and fragile varicose veins. Despite the fact that Luke is an enthusiastic proponent of sclerotherapy, he says: &dquo;There are many branch veins which be stripped because of the tortuosity of the vein and the thinness of the varices. The distal ends of the medial and lateral

In the surgical treatment of varicose veins, it is very important to localize the place where the insufficient perforating vein &dquo;blows out&dquo; the blood from the profound veins to the superficial ones.The different procedures of Trendelenburg,1 Schwartz,2 Perthes,3 Marhorner and Ochsner,4 Pratt,5 Myers6 and others are, in our opinion, useful, but are not sufficient, and on occasions do confuse the clinical decision.Since 1952, we have been doing a very special clinical procedure, which we created, and we have found it unnecessary to use the other systems and phlebographies.The procedure is as follows: With the patient standing up, and the varicose veins visible, the examiner places his two thumbs firmly over any particular portion of a varicose vein pattern. One of the thumbs remains in a fixed position and the other one slides along the vein, firmly squeezing it, until it passes the probable insufficient perforating vein place; immediately, the emptied part of the varicose vein fills up from the sliding thumb position toward the fixed thumb place. That means that one insufficient perforating vein will have been passed at the precise moment.We repeat this procedure to make sure of the &dquo;blow out&dquo; place, and we mark it on the skin with a small circle. We have now finished investigating the first insufficient perforating vein.To find the second insufficient perforating vein place, we put the fixed thumb firmly over the circle of the first insufficient perforating vein place, just found. The sliding thumb starts moving from the side of the former, squeezing the visible vein, and at the moment the intermediate portion of the emptied vein between the two thumbs in a retrograde manner fills up, the place of the second insufficient perforating vein is found.We can repeat the procedure if necessary, to be sure of marking the second insufficient perforating vein place.For the other portions of varicose vein patterns, we follow the same procedure, marking all insufficient perforating veins we find.My research has proved this to be a simple procedure to follow and to interpret.When the insufficient perforating vein is not connected to the superficial vein, then a venous s.c. pouch will be formed, and palpation alone can localize it.On the other hand, if there are edema, dermatosclerosis or ulcers, the varicose

No abstract

The present work deals with a study of the supraduodenal a. in 30 specimens. It was present in 28 cases: when absent it was substituted by the right gastric a. Its origin is discussed, the most frequent being the gastroduodenal a., with 2 cases in the pericholedochal plexus. Distribution to the distal two thirds of the upper portion of the duodenum was constant, extending to the supra- and retroduodenal portions of the common duct. Its anastomosis with the gastric right a. and the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. was established in half the cases, being more frequent with the former.