Background The Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI) scale measures social stigma towards people with mental illness. Although it has been used worldwide, the psychometric properties of the CAMI have not been systematically reviewed. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties of the different versions of the CAMI more than 40 years after of its publication. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE from 1981 (year of publication) to 2023 (present). A double review was performed for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment. Results A total of 15 studies enrolling 10,841 participants were included. The most frequently reported factor structure comprises 3 or 4 factors. Overall, the internal consistency seems adequate for the global scale (α ≥ 0.80), except for CAMI-10 (α = 0.69). Internal consistency of the subscales are not supported, with authoritarianism being the weakest factor (α = 0.27 to 0.68). The stability over time of the total scale has been assessed in the CAMI-40, CAMI-BR, and CAMI-10 (r ≥ 0.39). Few studies have assessed the temporal stability of the CAMI subscales. Most of the correlations with potentially related measures are significant and in the expected direction. Conclusions The 3 and 4 factor structure are the most widely reported in the different versions of the CAMI. Even though reliability and construct validity are acceptable, further item refinement by international consensus seems warranted more than 40 years after the original publication. Systematic review registration PROSPERO identification number: CRD42018098956.
test publicados. Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: a) presentar los resultados de la octava edición y b) considerar la aportación de la universidad en dicho proceso. En esta edición participaron 10 especialistas, 332 estudiantes y siete profesores, adaptándose el protocolo estándar de revisión al formato aprendizaje-servicio. En cuanto a los resultados, la calidad de los 11 test evaluados fue adecuada (promedio de 3,9 puntos en una escala 1-5) y similar a años anteriores (r = 0,90). El desarrollo y la baremación fueron puntos fuertes, mientras que se proponen mejoras en otros aspectos. El aprendizaje-servicio contribuyó a la diversificación de voces en el proceso observándose una calidad similar entre los informes del estudiantado y los emitidos por especialistas y un grado de acuerdo esperable (r = 0,67) entre ellos. Concluimos que el presente proyecto ha permitido identificar la oportunidad de profundizar en el uso de lenguaje compartido para fortalecer la comunicación entre las casas editoriales, la comisión promotora del modelo español de revisión de test, y las personas usuarias de los test, particularmente si se trata de principiantes. Palabras clave: Evaluación de test, Calidad de los test, Psicometría, Aprendizaje-servicio.Every year, the Test Commission of the Spanish Psychological Association promotes the assessment of the test quality of several published tests. The aim of the present study is two-fold: a) to present results for the eighth review, and b) to consider the contribution of the universities in this process. Ten experts, 332 students, and seven professors participated in this edition and the standard protocol for review was aligned towards a service-learning format. For the 11 tests assessed, results showed an adequate quality (average of 3.9 points on a 1-5 rating scale) similar to previous years (r = .90). The strengths were test development and standardization, and a number of proposals for improving other sections were suggested. The service-learning approach contributed to the diversification of voices in the process with students' and experts' reports showing similar quality and an expected level of agreement (r = .67). We conclude that this project has helped to identify the opportunity to further deepen the use of shared language in order to strengthen the communication between the test publishers, the promoters of the Spanish model of test assessment, and the test users, especially in the case of beginners.
Background. The Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI) scale measures social stigma towards people with mental illness. Although it has been used worldwide, the psychometric properties of the CAMI have not been systematically reviewed. The main aim of the present work was to systematically review the psychometric properties (dimensionality, reliability, and construct validity) of the different versions of the CAMI 40 years after of its publication. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE from January 1981 to June 2021. A double review was performed for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment. Results. A total of 13 studies enrolling 10,095 participants were included. The most frequently reported factor structure comprises 3 or 4 factors. The internal consistency seems adequate for the global scale (a ≥ 0.80), except for CAMI-10 (a = 0.69). Overall, internal consistency of the sub-scales is not supported, with authoritarianism being the weakest factor (a = 0.27 to 0.68). The stability over time of the total scale has been assessed in the CAMI-BR and CAMI-10 (r > 0.65). Few studies have assessed the temporal stability of the CAMI subscales. Most of the correlations with potentially related measures are significant and in the expected direction. Conclusions. The 3-4 factor structure is the most widely reported in the different versions of the CAMI. Although the reliability and construct validity are acceptable, further item refinement by international consensus seems warranted 40 years after the original publication. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018098956
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