The lack of responsiveness to self and non-self Ags is normally maintained by multiple mechanisms, including the suppressive activities of several T cell subsets. In this study, we show that CD8+ T cells from both adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells constitutively expressing HLA-DR represent a natural human CD8+ regulatory T cell subset. Their suppressive effect appears to be cell-to-cell contact dependent and may involve CTLA-4 signaling between neighboring T cells. These regulatory T cells can be expanded in vitro and exhibit a suppressive capacity similar to that observed in ex vivo CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. The high frequency of CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells that we detected in patients with non–small cell lung cancer deserves further work to confirm their putative suppressor effect within the tumor.

Objetivos. Describir los estilos de aprendizaje a los que recurren los estudiantes de medicina al ingresar en la universidad, compararlos con los estilos al finalizar la carrera y en el posgrado inmediato, analizar la relación entre estilo de aprendizaje y desempeño académico, y estudiar la asociación entre estilos y la tendencia a elegir una especialidad al finalizar la carrera. Sujetos y métodos. Durante 2006 se incluyeron de forma prospectiva 102 estudiantes de medicina de segundo año (grupo pregrado inicio), 52 estudiantes del último año (grupo pregrado final) y 45 médicos de segundo año de residencia (grupo posgrado). Se determinó el estilo de aprendizaje con el cuestionario de Honey-Alonso. En la muestra pregrado final se incluyó la preferencia por una especialidad clínica o quirúrgica al finalizar la carrera, datos que fueron relacionados con los estilos preponderantes. Resultados. En pregrado inicio, la preferencia para adquirir información fue teórica en el 77% y el uso fue fundamentalmente reflexivo en el 86%. En posgrado, la adquisición de información fue predominantemente teórica en el 67% y el uso reflexivo en el 70%. La comparación demostró la disminución del modo reflexivo y el aumento del activo cuando se empleó la información al acercarse al posgrado (p = 0,069). En pregrado inicio hubo una tendencia al estilo 'asimilador' (70,6%), mientras que el 'convergente' fue el más raro (6,9%). Al comparar pregrado final y posgrado se demuestra en este último una reducción del estilo 'asimi lador' (p = 0,040), a expensas del crecimiento 'convergente' (p = 0,034). Conclusiones. Los estudiantes tuvieron un estilo preponderantemente teórico y reflexivo (asimilador) al comenzar la carrera. Al finalizarla y en el posgrado disminuyó el estilo 'asimilador' , en especial a expensas del crecimiento 'convergente' . No se pudo demostrar una relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje y el desempeño académico en anatomía. Al evaluar la presunta asociación entre estilo de aprendizaje y preferencia por una especialidad, se encontró que esta relación estaba más vinculada al efecto 'confundidor' del género; así, en las mujeres preponderó el estilo 'divergente' y la especialidad clínica, mientras que en los varones se observó un perfil 'asimilador' y la opción por una especialidad quirúrgica.

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The future impact of the feminization of medicine in Argentina Summary. In recent years, the proportion of women studying medicine grew steadily in many countries. In Argentina, the feminization of the medical profession shows an overrepresentation of women in the younger group of physicians, and the 10-year projection indicates that women will comprise 60-70% of the medical workforce in all age strata. Adaptation to labor characteristics of women will require flexibility to accept part-time work and career interruptions caused by motherhood or other family obligations. A future consequence of women avoidance of most surgical specialties, is a relative shortage of doctors in these specialties. Anyway, it should be explored whether this supposed lack of interest in surgical specialties depends on the strong conditioning of the male model in these spaces. Despite being majority, woman is less represented in academia, resulting underrepresented in medical leadership in turn. Medical woman seems to be more humanistic, empathetic and honest than male. These contributions could be very significant, as long as women were able to achieve an egalitarian opinion leadership with men. There are potentially significant differences between the female and male occupational profiles, and this will certainly influence the organization and economy of future medical services, which are likely to be more complex, comparatively more expensive and better socialized.

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Introduction: Previous research has explored the effect of motivations, incentives and working conditions on willingness to accept jobs in rural and remote areas. These studies demonstrated that difficult working conditions, low job satisfaction and remuneration, and poor security, predisposed new medical graduates to select cities instead of rural districts. Since Argentina has a critical shortage of health staff in rural and low-income marginal suburban settings, and limited qualitative and quantitative local research has been done to address this issue, the present study was developed to assess the factors associated with the willingness of medical students to work in low-resource underprivileged areas of the country after graduation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with data collected from a self-administered questionnaire and using quantitative analysis methods. A total of 400 eligible second-year medical students were invited to participate in a survey focused on sociodemographic characteristics, incentives and working conditions expected in deprived areas, extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, university medical education and government promotion policies.Results: Twenty-one per cent of medical students showed a strong willingness to work in a deprived area, 57.3% manifested weak willingness and 21.5% unwillingness to work in a low-resource setting. Being female, of older age, not having a university-trained professional parent, previous exposure or service in a poor area, choice of pediatrics as a specialty and strong altruistic motivations